{"title":"Medieval European Kingdoms","description":"","products":[{"product_id":"kingdom-of-hungary-silver-denar-1131-ad","title":"Hungary, Bela II Silver Denar - 1131 AD - Kingdom of Hungary","description":"\u003cp\u003eThis is a hammered silver \u003cem\u003edenar\u003c\/em\u003e from the medieval Kingdom of Hungary, dated within the rule of Béla II (also known as \u003cstrong\u003eBéla the Blind, 1131 - 1142 AD\u003c\/strong\u003e). The denars have been acquired by History Hoard from private collections and thoroughly inspected for authenticity.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e-----  -----  -----\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"d\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0102\/1096\/7599\/files\/Product_Descriptions_Wide_15_2048x2048.png?v=1597697722\" alt=\"Bela the Blind\" width=\"2048x2048\" height=\"2048x2048\" style=\"margin-top: 40px; float: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"m\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0102\/1096\/7599\/files\/Bela_II__Chronicon_Pictum_114_2048x2048.jpg?v=1597697130\" alt=\"Bela the Blind\" width=\"2048x2048\" height=\"2048x2048\" style=\"margin-top: 20px; float: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003ci\u003e\u003cspan\u003eBéla II of Hungary\u003c\/span\u003e.\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch1 style=\"margin-top: 20px;\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eBéla the Blind: A king raised in \u003c\/strong\u003eexile\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/h1\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBéla's childhood was anything but ideal.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBoth him and his father were blinded when \u003cspan\u003eBéla was only an infant, after his father attempted to steal the Hungarian throne from his brother, King Coloman.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eBéla was believed to be dead, though he escaped to live in exile at a monastery with his father. In 1127, whispers of his survival began reaching the Hungarian royal court.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eBut by then, Hungary had a new king: Stephen II. And in a stroke of luck for Béla, Stephen failed to secure an heir.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eWith no other choice, Stephen declared Béla as heir to the Hungarian throne to continue the royal bloodline. Against all odds, the sickly and presumed dead child was crowned King of Hungary and Croatia in 1131.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eThese silver denars were minted under Béla the Blind, and bear the iconic cross found on many coins of medieval Europe.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"d\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0102\/1096\/7599\/files\/Product_Descriptions_Wide_16_9b5c4cf5-76e1-45e1-a910-779519d0d677_2048x2048.png?v=1597698156\" alt=\"Medieval Hungary\" width=\"2048x2048\" height=\"2048x2048\" style=\"margin-top: 40px; float: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"m\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0102\/1096\/7599\/files\/MK2596_2048x2048.jpg?v=1597698183\" alt=\"Medieval Hungary\" width=\"2048x2048\" height=\"2048x2048\" style=\"margin-top: 20px; float: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\n\u003cem\u003eThe Hungarian city of Budapest as it looked in the late Middle Ages.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"History Hoard","offers":[{"title":"Include display case (+$0.00)","offer_id":32906806558767,"sku":"MR-HNG-BELA2","price":49.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"No display - just the coin and certificate\/info card (save $15.00 each)","offer_id":51553828798748,"sku":"MR-HNG-BELA2-NO","price":34.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0102\/1096\/7599\/products\/HungaryDenar.jpg?v=1743105357"},{"product_id":"byzantine-trachy-christ-virgin-mary","title":"Byzantine Trachy, Christ \u0026 Mary - 1200 AD - East Europe","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e Sporting a curious cup shape, nobody knows for sure why the \u003cstrong\u003eByzantine Empire \u003c\/strong\u003estruck these coins curved instead of flat. It was no easy task either\u003cspan data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e—in an era before precision tools, painstaking care was required. Theories have included making them easier to stack or harder to counterfeit, but the leading answer is that it made the thin coins harder to bend.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eThe Byzantine Empire (also known as the \u003cstrong\u003eEastern Roman Empire\u003c\/strong\u003e) was a continuation of the ancient \u003cstrong\u003eRoman Empire\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003cstrong\u003e \u003c\/strong\u003eIt technically formed in \u003cstrong\u003e395 AD\u003c\/strong\u003e when the empire split into East and West, though Romans at the time hardly made that distinction. While the Western Empire would fall in the late \u003cstrong\u003e400's AD\u003c\/strong\u003e, Byzantine rule lasted well into the \u003cstrong\u003eMiddle Ages\u003c\/strong\u003e until \u003cstrong\u003e1453\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eThese coins are a product of a deeply religious society—each features imagery of \u003cstrong\u003eJesus Christ\u003c\/strong\u003e and\/or the \u003cstrong\u003eVirgin Mary\u003c\/strong\u003e on the obverse\u003cstrong\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e, and one of about a dozen \u003cstrong\u003e13th century emperors\u003c\/strong\u003e is shown on the reverse. Each coin measures around \u003cstrong\u003e0.6 to 0.7 inches\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cstrong\u003e(1\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e5 to 18 mm)\u003c\/strong\u003e in diameter, and is made of a copper-silver alloy known as \u003cem\u003ebillon\u003c\/em\u003e. They have been inspected by an \u003cstrong\u003eANA Certified\u003c\/strong\u003e numismatist and are guaranteed authentic.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"m\" style=\"text-align: center;\" data-mce-style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cimg alt=\"Emperor Justinian I\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0102\/1096\/7599\/files\/The_mosaic_of_Emperor_Justinian_and_his_retinue_2048x2048.jpg?v=1603229418\" width=\"2048x2048\" height=\"2048x2048\" style=\"margin-top: 20px; float: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"d\" style=\"text-align: center;\" data-mce-style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cimg alt=\"Emperor Justinian I\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0102\/1096\/7599\/files\/The_mosaic_of_Emperor_Justinian_and_his_retinue_2048x2048.jpg?v=1603229418\" width=\"2048x2048\" height=\"2048x2048\" style=\"margin-top: 40px; float: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center;\" data-mce-style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003ci\u003eA mosaic of Justinian I, one of the early Byzantine emperors (\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:The_mosaic_of_Emperor_Justinian_and_his_retinue.jpg\"\u003evia Wikimedia\u003c\/a\u003e)\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"History Hoard","offers":[{"title":"Include display case (+$0.00)","offer_id":32906790371375,"sku":"MR-BYZ-CUP","price":39.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"No display - just the coin and certificate\/info card (save $15.00 each)","offer_id":51553828274460,"sku":"MR-BYZ-CUP-NO","price":24.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0102\/1096\/7599\/products\/ByzantineTrachy.jpg?v=1743105341"},{"product_id":"italy-kingdom-of-sicily-1258-ad","title":"Italy, Kingdom of Sicily - 1258 AD - King Manfred","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e These copper \u003cem\u003edenaro \u003c\/em\u003ecoins are from the \u003cstrong\u003eKingdom of Sicily\u003c\/strong\u003e, a state that controlled the bottom half of the Italian peninsula as well as the island of Sicily from 1130 to 1816. The coins date within the reign of \u003cstrong\u003eManfred, King of Sicily\u003c\/strong\u003e (1258 - 1266 AD), who was the last ruler of the\u003cspan data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eHohenstaufen \u003c\/strong\u003edynasty to control the kingdom. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eManfred endured a very rough eight years on the throne. Even before becoming king, he struck up a bloody conflict against the Catholic church. As a result he was excommunicated by three successive popes, and angered the church to the point where he was the target of a \u003cstrong\u003eCrusade \u003c\/strong\u003ein 1255. Manfred met his end when he was killed in battle against papal forces in 1266.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"History Hoard","offers":[{"title":"Include display case (+$0.00)","offer_id":39414528114735,"sku":"MR-ITALY-SIC","price":44.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"No display - just the coin and certificate\/info card (save $15.00 each)","offer_id":51553824997660,"sku":"MR-ITALY-SIC-NO","price":29.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0102\/1096\/7599\/products\/Medsicily.jpg?v=1743105289"},{"product_id":"poland-john-ii-casimir-1648-ad","title":"Poland, John II Casimir - 1648 AD - East Europe","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e These copper \u003cem\u003esolidus\u003c\/em\u003e coins were produced in \u003cstrong\u003ePoland\u003c\/strong\u003e during the reign of \u003cstrong\u003eJohn II Casimir \u003c\/strong\u003e(or \u003cem\u003eJan II Kazimierz Waza\u003c\/em\u003e), who ruled from 1648 until his abdication in 1660. They feature the \u003cstrong\u003ebust of John II\u003c\/strong\u003e on the obverse side (with the legend IOAN CAS REX) and an \u003cstrong\u003eeagle \u003c\/strong\u003eor a \u003cstrong\u003eman on horseback\u003c\/strong\u003e on the reverse side.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOverall, John II Casimir's reign is widely known as one of the most disastrous in Polish history. It was marked by numerous defeats against the rival Ukrainian, Russian, Swedish, and Tartar forces, with Poland losing significant amounts of its territory. John II was exiled to France after giving up the throne in 1668 due to a revolt over royal succession.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"History Hoard","offers":[{"title":"Include display case (+$0.00)","offer_id":39414567075887,"sku":"MR-POL-J2C","price":39.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"No display - just the coin and certificate\/info card (save $15.00 each)","offer_id":51553824932124,"sku":"MR-POL-J2C-NO","price":24.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0102\/1096\/7599\/products\/PolandjohnIIcas.jpg?v=1743105287"},{"product_id":"republic-of-venice-tornesello-1700s","title":"Republic of Venice, Tornesello - 1300's - Italy","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan class=\"JsGRdQ\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003c\/b\u003eThese \u003cem\u003etornesello \u003c\/em\u003ecoins were minted by various rulers of the \u003cstrong\u003eRepublic of Venice \u003c\/strong\u003eduring the \u003cstrong\u003eHigh Middle Ages \u003c\/strong\u003e(approximately the 14th to 15th century CE). These rulers were called \u003cstrong\u003eDoges\u003c\/strong\u003e, which is sometimes translated as \"dukes.\" The coins depict a cross on the obverse side and a winged lion on the reverse.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Republic of Venice was a sovereign maritime republic that existed from 697 to 1797 CE, centered on the city of Venice in modern day Italy. The republic prospered through trade, and quickly expanded its borders to include territories as far south as Greece along the Mediterranean Coast.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe tornesello was introduced in 1353 to feed the demand for coinage in Venice's overseas colonies. They contain significantly less silver than earlier coins, and are made of a debased silver alloy called billon.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan class=\"JsGRdQ\"\u003e\u003cspan data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eEach includes a \u003cstrong\u003eCertificate of Authenticity\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"History Hoard","offers":[{"title":"Include display case (+$0.00)","offer_id":40107295997999,"sku":"MR-ITAL-VENICE","price":49.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"No display - just the coin and certificate\/info card (save $15.00 each)","offer_id":51553823981852,"sku":"MR-ITAL-VENICE-NO","price":34.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0102\/1096\/7599\/products\/RepublicofVenice.jpg?v=1743105263"},{"product_id":"hungary-madonna-child-silver-denar-c-1500-to-1600-ce-kingdom-of-hungary","title":"Hungary, Madonna \u0026 Child Silver Denar - c. 1500 to 1600 CE - Kingdom of Hungary","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e \u003cspan class=\"JsGRdQ\"\u003eThis silver \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"JsGRdQ\"\u003edenar\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"JsGRdQ\"\u003e was minted in Hungary during the European Renaissance in the 16th and 17th centuries, at a time when Hungary was partially conquered by the Ottoman Empire. Displayed on the obverse side is the coat of arms of Hungary, while the reverse features the iconic image of the Madonna and Child: a depiction of Mary and her infant son Jesus. Adding the year to coins started gaining wider appeal in Europe at this time too, so the date that the coins were struck is also visible on most of these denars.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"_04xlpA direction-ltr align-start para-style-body\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"JsGRdQ\"\u003eThroughout history, many Christian denominations have utilized icons as a part of their worship and, during the renaissance, there was perhaps no more venerated icon than that of the Madonna and Child. By venerating these icons, it was accepted that one was worshipping the figures depicted therein. One could imagine that putting such an image on a coin would not only increase its value, but also ensure that the holder would safeguard it as something sacred.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan class=\"JsGRdQ\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"JsGRdQ\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"JsGRdQ\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eEach includes a \u003cstrong\u003eCertificate of Authenticity\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"History Hoard","offers":[{"title":"Include display case (+$0.00)","offer_id":41340114960431,"sku":"MR-HNG-MDNA","price":69.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"No display - just the pin and certificate\/info card (save $15.00 each)","offer_id":51553816346908,"sku":"MR-HNG-MDNA-NO","price":54.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0102\/1096\/7599\/products\/PhotoRoom-20221006_154340.png?v=1743105187"},{"product_id":"medieval-change-cut-dirham-c-750-to-1300-ce-iberian-peninsula","title":"Medieval Change, Cut Dirham - c. 750 to 1300 CE - Iberian Peninsula","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBoth the \"one piece\" and the \"three to four piece\" options will have the same total weight (just over 1 gram).\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003eThese medieval Islamic dirhams were cut into pieces for a very practical reason: making change.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDuring the Middle Ages, providing change posed a considerable challenge to merchants due to the lack of smaller coin denominations. Because of this, it became common to \u003cstrong\u003ephysically cut coins into smaller pieces\u003c\/strong\u003e to meet the exact values of transactions. In England, for example, a silver penny could be cut into halves or quarters to create halfpennies and farthings. The cut pieces continued to be considered legal tender, and their value was proportionate to the size of the piece relative to the original coin.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis practice was also common during the era of \u003cstrong\u003eAl-Andalus (711 - 1492 CE)\u003c\/strong\u003e on the \u003cstrong\u003eIberian Peninsula\u003c\/strong\u003e, when Islamic rule introduced an array of cultural and economic changes in modern day Spain, Portugal, and parts of France. Silver dirhams, the dominant coin of this period, were routinely cut to create smaller denominations, enabling transactions of lesser value.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis was a practice born out of necessity, in a time preceding more sophisticated minting methods and a wider variety of coin denominations. It allowed greater flexibility in commerce, despite being a somewhat crude method. However, it also opened avenues for fraudulent activities such as clipping or shaving coins for the precious metals. Small pieces of metal could be clipped off of coins without altering the face value, which could then be melted down into ingots and sold. As minting technology progressed and more coin denominations were introduced, the need for cutting coins gradually diminished, and the practice eventually phased out.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eA Certificate of Authenticity accompanies all items purchased at History Hoard.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"History Hoard","offers":[{"title":"Include display case (+$0.00) \/ Three to Four","offer_id":45257607020828,"sku":"MR-DHM-CUT-MULT","price":29.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"Include display case (+$0.00) \/ One","offer_id":45257631531292,"sku":"MR-DHM-CUT-ONE","price":31.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"No display - just the coin and certificate\/info card (save $15.00 each) \/ Three to Four","offer_id":51553812447516,"sku":"MR-DHM-CUT-MULT-NO","price":14.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"No display - just the coin and certificate\/info card (save $15.00 each) \/ One","offer_id":51553812480284,"sku":"MR-DHM-CUT-ONE-NO","price":16.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0102\/1096\/7599\/files\/medievalclippeddirhams2.jpg?v=1743105118"},{"product_id":"english-silver-penny-edward-i-1272-to-1307-ce-england","title":"English Silver Penny, Edward I - 1272 to 1307 CE - England","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHigh grade coins will have \u003cspan style=\"text-decoration: underline;\" data-mce-style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"\u003emost\u003c\/span\u003e of the text and design visible on each side. Average grade coins have significant portions that are worn smooth.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e These silver pennies were minted from 1272 to 1307 during the reign of King Edward I, also known as \"Hammer of the Scots\" due to his invasion of Scotland and \"Edward Longshanks\" due to his height. He succeeded his father as king while participating in the Ninth Crusade in the Holy Land.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAside from his military escapades, Edward is also remembered for reforming the coinage of England in 1279. His newly designed pennies featured a more lifelike bust of the king facing the front, and the legend on the obverse was longer, usually inscribed as \"\u003cstrong\u003eEDW REX ANGL DNS HYB\u003c\/strong\u003e\" - Edward King of England, Lord of Ireland. The reverse had a long cross extending to the edge of the coin. The new design was not only aesthetically pleasing but also practical, as it made \u003cstrong\u003eclipping\u003c\/strong\u003e - the illegal practice of shaving off small amounts of a coin's metal for profit - easier to detect. \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eIn addition to the penny, Edward I's new coinage also introduced the farthing, halfpenny, and groat, providing a wider range of denominations for the first time in English history. This innovation was a significant step forward in the development of the English monetary system, facilitating both domestic and international trade.\u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eSilver pennies were minted in large quantities, mainly in London and Canterbury. The high-quality silver and the intricate design of these coins made them popular, leading to a significant drain on the local supply of silver. This popularity was so great that the export of English coins was forbidden in 1299 to protect the national treasury, though even this didn't completely stop the coins from leaving England.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eA Certificate of Authenticity accompanies all items purchased at History Hoard.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"History Hoard","offers":[{"title":"Include display case (+$0.00) \/ Average Grade","offer_id":45308859515164,"sku":"MR-ENG-EDPY-AVG","price":74.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"Include display case (+$0.00) \/ High Grade (+$20.00)","offer_id":45313251180828,"sku":"MR-ENG-EDPY-HIGH","price":94.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"No display - just the coin and certificate\/info card (save $15.00 each) \/ Average Grade","offer_id":51553812316444,"sku":"MR-ENG-EDPY-AVG-NO","price":59.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"No display - just the coin and certificate\/info card (save $15.00 each) \/ High Grade (+$20.00)","offer_id":51553812349212,"sku":"MR-ENG-EDPY-HIGH-NO","price":79.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0102\/1096\/7599\/files\/MR-ENG-EDPY.jpg?v=1743105116"},{"product_id":"byzantine-empire-lead-document-seal-c-500-to-1100-ce-eastern-europe","title":"Byzantine Empire, Lead Document Seal - c. 500 to 1100 CE - Eastern Europe","description":"\u003cp\u003eThese Byzantine lead seals, or \u003cem\u003ebullae\u003c\/em\u003e, were used to authenticate documents, ensuring that they had come from their official sender and had not been tampered with. Each has a unique design used by a specific individual, similar to a modern day signature.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe most common seals were marked with inscriptions or monograms, usually in Greek. Less common were iconographic seals, which often depicted imagery of Christ, various Saints or the Virgin Mary. The use of seals in the Byzantine Empire was limited until about the 7th century CE, although they eventually saw widespread use by all social classes, including local government, the military, the church, nobility, and even the emperor himself.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSeals were made with a variety of different materials, including gold, silver, and wax, though most surviving seals were made from lead. The casting process involved the use of a tool called a \u003cem\u003eboulloterion\u003c\/em\u003e, which pressed small, blank lead disks onto strings attached to the document that was being sealed. This tool looked\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 0.875rem;\"\u003e similar to a pair of pliers, and was also used to imprint the user's unique inscriptions or imagery onto the lead. Preserved examples of boulloteria are rare, as they were typically destroyed upon the death or retirement of their owner for security purposes.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eEach includes a \u003cstrong\u003eCertificate of Authenticity \u003c\/strong\u003eand is guaranteed genuine.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"History Hoard","offers":[{"title":"Include display case (+$0.00) \/ Average Grade: partial details \u0026 some corrosion","offer_id":48983989453084,"sku":"MR-BYZ-PB-SEAL-AVG","price":44.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Include display case (+$0.00) \/ Higher Grade: better details \u0026 cleaner surfaces","offer_id":48984005280028,"sku":"MR-BYZ-PB-SEAL-HIGH","price":64.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"No display - just the coin and certificate\/info card (save $15.00 each) \/ Average Grade: partial details \u0026 some corrosion","offer_id":51553795408156,"sku":"MR-BYZ-PB-SEAL-AVG-NO","price":29.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"No display - just the coin and certificate\/info card (save $15.00 each) \/ Higher Grade: better details \u0026 cleaner surfaces","offer_id":51553795440924,"sku":"MR-BYZ-PB-SEAL-HIGH-NO","price":49.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0102\/1096\/7599\/files\/Byzantine_lead_seal_in_box.png?v=1743104962"},{"product_id":"poland-king-sigismund-iii-silver-3-polker-1614-to-1627-ce-polish-lithuanian-commonwealth","title":"Poland, King Sigismund III, Silver 3 Polker - 1614 to 1627 CE - Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth","description":"\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eThese late medieval three polker coins were issued during the reign of Sigismund III Vasa, who ruled as the King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania from 1587 to 1632. They were struck to address the financial crisis and rising inflation due to the 30 Years War. Three polker coins were minted with a relatively high silver content with purity in the early years hovering at approximately 80%. The higher silver content, along with monetary reforms related to exchange rates, led to hoarding in neighboring countries.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan class=\"Apple-tab-span\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003eBy the 1620s, the coins were widely distributed throughout Transylvania, alongside the depreciated local currency. Silver purity of the coins notably declined during this period, which was reflected in exchange rates established by the Transylvanian Diet, a judicial and legislative body of the Transylvanian Principality, under Prince Gabriel Bethlen. There has been much debate over the perceived devaluation of three polker coins, as historical accounts conflict as to how much if any debasement had occurred on Polish coinage the same way local Transylvanian currency had been devalued. Evidence of hoarded high quality three polker coins in Transylvania contradicted this belief, and modern research suggests that while three polker coins experienced a decline in silver content during this period, though it was not to the extent suggested by the exchange rates. By 1626, Bethlen implemented a monetary reform which led to the collection and melting of forged three polker coins with the lower silver content, effectively removing the lower value coins from circulation, and the restored, higher silver content three polker coins continued production.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eEach includes a \u003cstrong\u003eCertificate of Authenticity \u003c\/strong\u003eand is guaranteed genuine.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"History Hoard","offers":[{"title":"Include display case (+$0.00)","offer_id":49454023049500,"sku":"MR-POL-SIG-3POLK","price":44.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"No display - just the coin and certificate\/info card (save $15.00 each)","offer_id":51553793376540,"sku":"MR-POL-SIG-3POLK-NO","price":29.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0102\/1096\/7599\/files\/Poland_Sigismund_III.png?v=1743104946"},{"product_id":"sweden-karl-xi-ore-silvermynt-1666-to-1686-ce-swedish-empire","title":"Sweden, King Karl XI, ⅙ Öre Silvermynt - 1666 to 1686 CE - Swedish Empire","description":"\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eThese ⅙ Öre silvermynts were a small denomination coin minted between 1666 and 1686 under King Karl XI of Sweden. The obverse features a crown and griffin, and the reverse bears the marking “SM,” which stands for silvermynt—meaning that the given amount of copper in these coins corresponds to a given amount of silver.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eThe time in which these coins were minted was known as the \"Swedish Empire\" period, when the kingdom became a great European power that controlled much of modern day Norway, Finland, Latvia, Lithuania, and more.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eTherefore, ruling this vast empire would have been a lot to ask of a seven year old Karl XI, after his father died in 1660. H\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003eis mother, Queen Hedvig Eleonora, would rule on behalf of the child as Queen Regent until he was 17 years old. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003eDuring his initial parliamentary appearances, a shy teenage Karl would address the court through his mother, whispering his questions in her ear and having her address the court directly. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003eHe was considered nearly illiterate and poorly educated at the time, although contemporary research suggests he may have suffered from dyslexia—a poorly understood disorder in that era. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eKarl XI would grow into a ruler driven by a strong religious sense of duty, and was overall successful in his goals to reform and strengthen Sweden. He bolstered the kingdom's economy by reducing Sweden's reliance on foreign subsidies and managed to keep peace for much of his reign, despite nearly provoking war with Denmark in 1689. When Karl XI died at the age of 41 from stomach cancer, it set the stage for his son, Karl XII, to inherit a well-organized and militarily capable state.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eEach includes a \u003cstrong\u003eCertificate of Authenticity \u003c\/strong\u003eand is guaranteed genuine.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"History Hoard","offers":[{"title":"Include display case (+$0.00)","offer_id":49700962173212,"sku":"EE-SW-KARLXI-6ORE","price":54.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"No display - just the coin and certificate\/info card (save $15.00 each)","offer_id":51553792131356,"sku":"EE-SW-KARLXI-6ORE-NO","price":39.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0102\/1096\/7599\/files\/Swedish_Karl_XI.jpg?v=1743104934"},{"product_id":"germany-brunswick-wolfenbuttel-rudolph-august-anthony-ulrich-thaler-1687-ce-german-states-wi2b","title":"Germany, Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, Rudolph August \u0026 Anthony Ulrich, ½ Thaler - 1687 CE - German States","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eIncludes glass top leatherette display box.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eOrigin:\u003c\/b\u003e Principality of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel (German States) \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eAuthority:\u003c\/b\u003e Prince Rudolf August and Anton Ulrich\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eDate:\u003c\/b\u003e 1687 CE\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eDenomination:\u003c\/b\u003e ½ Thaler (silver)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eSize:\u003c\/b\u003e 40 mm, 14g\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eObverse:\u003c\/b\u003e D G RUD AUG \u0026amp; ANTH VLR D D BR \u0026amp; LU - Crowned 11-fold arms, date divided below\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eReverse:\u003c\/b\u003e UT FRONTIBUS ITA FRONTIBUS CONIUNCTISSIMI - 2 wild men holding 2 intertwined trees\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eNotes:\u003c\/b\u003e The first thalers were introduced in 1566 as a roughly standardized silver coin in the Holy Roman Empire, and played a crucial economic role over the next 200 years. Thalers were traded all over Europe because they had a relatively consistent silver content of about 25 to 30 grams, so it was considered a trusted medium of exchange, especially in regions where local currencies had become unstable.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAll purchases include a Certificate of Authenticity. You will receive the exact item in the photos.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"History Hoard","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":51410151571740,"sku":"CNMT-AUCT-MAR-TWLV-25-WI-2-B","price":739.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0102\/1096\/7599\/files\/IMG_7003-Photoroom.jpg?v=1749672861"},{"product_id":"austria-county-of-tyrol-leopold-v-ar-thaler-1632-ce-austrian-states-hy1a","title":"Austria, County of Tyrol, Leopold V, AR Thaler - 1632 CE - Austrian States","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eIncludes glass top leatherette display box.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eOrigin:\u003c\/b\u003e County of Tyrol (Austrian States) \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eAuthority:\u003c\/b\u003e Leopold V\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eDate:\u003c\/b\u003e 1632 CE\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eDenomination:\u003c\/b\u003e AR (silver) thaler\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eMint:\u003c\/b\u003e Modern-day Hall in Tyrol, Austria\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eSize:\u003c\/b\u003e 41.90mm, 28.8g\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eObverse:\u003c\/b\u003e LEOPOLDVS:D:G:ARCHIDVX:AVSTRIÆ - Crowned half size portrait with armour having large shoulder pieces, round piece at shoulder, twisted circle, vertical date at right side.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eReverse:\u003c\/b\u003e COMITIA BURGUNDIA 1779 - Crowned arms on a flat top shield, chain of the Golden Fleece, twisted circle.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAll purchases include a Certificate of Authenticity. You will receive the exact item in the photos.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"History Hoard","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":52303541633308,"sku":"S-CNMT-AUCT-JUL-NINTH-25-HY-1-A","price":599.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0102\/1096\/7599\/files\/IMG_1195-Photoroom.jpg?v=1752096094"},{"product_id":"germany-brunswick-wolfenbuttel-rudolph-augustus-ar-24-mariengroschen-1690-ce-german-states-hy2b","title":"Germany, Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, Rudolph Augustus, AR 24 Mariengroschen - 1690 CE - German States","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eIncludes glass top leatherette display box.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eOrigin:\u003c\/b\u003e Principality of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel (German States)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eAuthority:\u003c\/b\u003e Prince Rudolph Augustus\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eDate:\u003c\/b\u003e 1690 CE\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eDenomination:\u003c\/b\u003e AR (silver) 24 Mariengroschen\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eMint:\u003c\/b\u003e Modern-day Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eSize:\u003c\/b\u003e 37.3mm, 13g\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eObverse:\u003c\/b\u003e D:G:RUD:AUG:\u0026amp; ANTH:ULR:DD:BR:\u0026amp;LU: - Man holding a tree branch in each hand, next to value (24)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eReverse:\u003c\/b\u003e 24 MARIENGROSCH V.FEIN.SILB. REMIGIO ALTISSIMI UNI. - Face value in a closed circle\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAll purchases include a Certificate of Authenticity. You will receive the exact item in the photos.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"History Hoard","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":52303544254748,"sku":"S-CNMT-AUCT-JUL-NINTH-25-HY-2-B","price":549.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0102\/1096\/7599\/files\/IMG_1200-Photoroom.jpg?v=1752096113"},{"product_id":"austria-county-of-tyrol-leopold-v-ar-thaler-1624-ce-austrian-states-hy3c","title":"Austria, County of Tyrol, Leopold V, AR Thaler - 1624 CE - Austrian States","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eIncludes glass top leatherette display box.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eOrigin:\u003c\/b\u003e County of Tyrol (Austrian States) \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eAuthority:\u003c\/b\u003e Leopold V \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eDate:\u003c\/b\u003e 1624 CE\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eDenomination:\u003c\/b\u003e AR (silver) thaler\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eMint:\u003c\/b\u003e Modern-day Hall in Tyrol, Austria\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eSize:\u003c\/b\u003e 43mm, 28.4g\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eObverse:\u003c\/b\u003e LEOPOLDVS D:G:ARCHID:AVSTRIAE DVX BVRG:S:CAES:Mtis:ET RELIQ - Bust right divides date. Legend around.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eReverse:\u003c\/b\u003e ARHIDVC:GVBERNATOR PLENARIVS COMES TIROLIS ou ARCHIDVC TIR - Crowned arms with ornaments, continuous legend around.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAll purchases include a Certificate of Authenticity. You will receive the exact item in the photos.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"History Hoard","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":52303546581276,"sku":"S-CNMT-AUCT-JUL-NINTH-25-HY-3-C","price":844.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0102\/1096\/7599\/files\/IMG_1210-Photoroom.jpg?v=1752096130"},{"product_id":"spanish-states-kingdom-of-castile-and-leon-henry-iv-blanca-1471-to-1474-ce-medieval-spain","title":"Spanish States, Kingdom of Castile and Leon, Henry IV, Blanca - 1471 to 1474 CE - Medieval Spain","description":"\u003cp data-start=\"159\" data-end=\"446\"\u003eThese medieval \u003cstrong data-start=\"174\" data-end=\"184\"\u003eblanca\u003c\/strong\u003e coins were struck during the reign of \u003cstrong data-start=\"223\" data-end=\"255\"\u003eHenry IV of Castile and León\u003c\/strong\u003e (1454–1474). They were made of \u003cstrong data-start=\"287\" data-end=\"297\"\u003ebillon\u003c\/strong\u003e, a low-grade silver alloy, and featured a \u003cstrong data-start=\"350\" data-end=\"360\"\u003ecastle\u003c\/strong\u003e on one side (the emblem of Castile) and a \u003cstrong data-start=\"403\" data-end=\"411\"\u003elion\u003c\/strong\u003e on the other (the emblem of León).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"448\" data-end=\"1044\"\u003eAt the time these coins were struck, the nation that we now call Spain was still a \u003cstrong data-start=\"497\" data-end=\"522\"\u003epatchwork of kingdoms\u003c\/strong\u003e, each with its own language, culture, and rulers. The most important were Castile, Aragon, Navarre, and the Muslim Emirate of Granada in the south, while Portugal had already established itself as an independent kingdom. These realms often clashed or allied with one another, bound together by the long struggle between Christians and Muslims known as the \u003cstrong data-start=\"879\" data-end=\"894\"\u003eReconquista\u003c\/strong\u003e. A turning point came in \u003cstrong data-start=\"920\" data-end=\"928\"\u003e1469\u003c\/strong\u003e, when Ferdinand of Aragon married Isabella of Castile, laying the groundwork for the eventual unification of Spain.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1046\" data-end=\"1633\"\u003eHenry IV’s reign came just before this union. Known as \u003cstrong data-start=\"1101\" data-end=\"1126\"\u003e“Henry the Impotent,”\u003c\/strong\u003e he faced a troubled rule marked by political unrest and disputes over succession. His inability to keep the nobility under control led to civil wars, while doubts over the legitimacy of his daughter \u003cstrong data-start=\"1326\" data-end=\"1336\"\u003eJoanna\u003c\/strong\u003e (suspected of being illegitimate) further destabilized the kingdom. When Henry died, Castile split between supporters of Joanna and those of his half-sister \u003cstrong data-start=\"1494\" data-end=\"1506\"\u003eIsabella\u003c\/strong\u003e, who ultimately prevailed. Isabella’s victory, alongside Ferdinand, paved the way for the creation of a unified Spanish crown.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eEach coin comes with a \u003cstrong\u003eCertificate of Authenticity\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"History Hoard","offers":[{"title":"Include display case (+$0.00)","offer_id":52959723290908,"sku":"MR-CSTLEON-H4-BL","price":44.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"No display - just the coin certificate and info card (save $15.00 each)","offer_id":52959723323676,"sku":"MR-CSTLEON-H4-BL-NO","price":29.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0102\/1096\/7599\/files\/Castile_leon_Henry_iv_blanca_in_box.jpg?v=1757712408"},{"product_id":"republic-of-venice-doge-orio-mastropiero-bi-denier-scodellato-1178-to-1192-ce-italian-states-yi13m","title":"Republic of Venice, Doge Orio Mastropiero, BI Denier Scodellato - 1178 to 1192 CE - Italian States","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eIncludes glass top leatherette display box.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eOrigin:\u003c\/b\u003e Italian States, Republic of Venice\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eAuthority:\u003c\/b\u003e Doge Orio Mastropiero\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eDate:\u003c\/b\u003e 1178 - 1192 CE\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eDenomination:\u003c\/b\u003e BI (billon, low grade silver) Denier Scodellato\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eMint:\u003c\/b\u003e Venice\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eSize:\u003c\/b\u003e 13mm\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eObverse:\u003c\/b\u003e ✠ • AVR • DVX • - Pateé cross in a circle.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eReverse:\u003c\/b\u003e ✠ • S • MARCVS - Pateé cross in a circle.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAll purchases include a Certificate of Authenticity. You will receive the exact item in the photos.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"History Hoard","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":53040420127004,"sku":"AUCT-SEP-TWYFOUR-YI-13-M","price":89.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0102\/1096\/7599\/files\/IMG_8592-Photoroom_734ac9d3-95bf-4907-87cd-8dce539dda93.jpg?v=1758751668"},{"product_id":"hungary-king-ladislaus-v-bi-denier-1447-to-1450-ce-hungary-yi29ac","title":"Hungary, King Ladislaus V, BI Denier - 1447 to 1450 CE - Hungary","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eIncludes glass top leatherette display box.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eOrigin:\u003c\/b\u003e Hungary\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eAuthority:\u003c\/b\u003e King Ladislaus V\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eDate:\u003c\/b\u003e 1447 - 1450 CE\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eDenomination:\u003c\/b\u003e BI (billon, low grade silver) denier\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eSize:\u003c\/b\u003e 19mm\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eObverse:\u003c\/b\u003e MONETA · LADISLAI · DEI · G - Large double cross divides mintmark; lettering starts with a rosette\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eReverse:\u003c\/b\u003e REGIS VNGARIE ET · CETE - Bohemian lion to the left\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAll purchases include a Certificate of Authenticity. You will receive the exact item in the photos.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"History Hoard","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":53040422453532,"sku":"AUCT-SEP-TWYFOUR-YI-29-AC","price":49.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0102\/1096\/7599\/files\/IMG_8624-Photoroom_9f94eaf4-798d-44d2-92c8-850f8e4c66cf.jpg?v=1758751777"},{"product_id":"hungary-queen-maria-ar-denier-1384-ce-hungary-yi30ad","title":"Hungary, Queen Maria, AR Denier - 1384 CE - Hungary","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eIncludes glass top leatherette display box.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eOrigin:\u003c\/b\u003e Hungary\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eAuthority:\u003c\/b\u003e Queen Maria\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eDate:\u003c\/b\u003e 1384 CE\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eDenomination:\u003c\/b\u003e AR (silver) denier\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eSize:\u003c\/b\u003e 14mm\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eObverse:\u003c\/b\u003e MARIE · D · R · VGARIE - Crown and mintmark below in pearl circle\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eReverse:\u003c\/b\u003e MONETA · MARIE · R · - Double cross in pearl circle\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAll purchases include a Certificate of Authenticity. You will receive the exact item in the photos.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"History Hoard","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":53040422617372,"sku":"AUCT-SEP-TWYFOUR-YI-30-AD","price":84.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0102\/1096\/7599\/files\/IMG_8626-Photoroom_9165cc3e-fd33-4f2c-83d3-4b3f78897325.jpg?v=1758751783"},{"product_id":"cicilian-armenia-king-leo-v-ae-one-pogh-1374-to-1375-ce-the-crusades-yi36aj","title":"Cicilian Armenia, King Leo V, AE One Pogh - 1374 to 1375 CE - The Crusades","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eIncludes glass top leatherette display box.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eOrigin:\u003c\/b\u003e Cicilian Armenia, a strong ally of the Crusader States that saw itself as a Christian stronghold in Eastern Europe\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eAuthority:\u003c\/b\u003e King Leo V\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eDate:\u003c\/b\u003e 1374 - 1375 CE\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eDenomination:\u003c\/b\u003e AE (bronze) 1 pogh\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eSize:\u003c\/b\u003e 15mm\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eObverse:\u003c\/b\u003e Lion of Cyprus, rampant to right, within dotted border.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eReverse:\u003c\/b\u003e Crusader-style cross.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAll purchases include a Certificate of Authenticity. You will receive the exact item in the photos.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"History Hoard","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":53040423534876,"sku":"AUCT-SEP-TWYFOUR-YI-36-AJ","price":59.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0102\/1096\/7599\/files\/IMG_8639-Photoroom.jpg?v=1758751828"},{"product_id":"hungary-king-ferdinand-iii-bi-denier-madonna-child-1638-ce-kingdom-of-hungary-so29ac","title":"Hungary, King Ferdinand III, BI Denier, Madonna \u0026 Child - 1638 CE - Kingdom of Hungary","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eIncludes glass top leatherette display box.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eOrigin:\u003c\/b\u003e Kingdom of Hungary\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eAuthority:\u003c\/b\u003e Ferdinand III\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eDate:\u003c\/b\u003e 1638 CE\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eDenomination:\u003c\/b\u003e BI (billon, low grade silver) 1 Denier\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eSize:\u003c\/b\u003e 15mm\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eObverse:\u003c\/b\u003e FER · III · D · G · R · I · S · A · G · H · B · R · (Ferdinandus III. Dei Gratia Romanorum Imperator Semper Augustus Germaniae Hungariae Bohemiae Rex - Ferdinand III., by the grace of God Emperor of the Romans, Always August, King of Germany, Hungary, Bohemia.) - Straight on top twofold Hungarian shield (Árpád stripes and double cross on a crowned triple hill) divides mintmark, in inner circle\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eReverse:\u003c\/b\u003e PATRO · HVNGA · (Patroness of Hungary) - Crowned, glorified, non-radiant Madonna with child in her left within inner circle, date at end of legend\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAll purchases include a Certificate of Authenticity. You will receive the exact item in the photos.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"History Hoard","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":53259790549276,"sku":"AUCT-NOV-FIFTH-SO-29-AC","price":79.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0102\/1096\/7599\/files\/IMG_9765-Photoroom.jpg?v=1761862052"},{"product_id":"hungary-king-ferdinand-ii-bi-denier-madonna-child-1622-ce-kingdom-of-hungary-so30ad","title":"Hungary, King Ferdinand II, BI Denier, Madonna \u0026 Child - 1622 CE - Kingdom of Hungary","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eIncludes glass top leatherette display box.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eOrigin:\u003c\/b\u003e Kingdom of Hungary\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eAuthority:\u003c\/b\u003e Ferdinand II\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eDate:\u003c\/b\u003e 1622 CE\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eDenomination:\u003c\/b\u003e BI (billon, low grade silver) 1 Denier\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eSize:\u003c\/b\u003e 14mm\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eObverse:\u003c\/b\u003e FER · II · D · G · R · I · S · A · G · H · B · R · K B (Ferdinandus II. Dei Gratia Romanorum Imperator Semper Augustus Germaniae, Hungariae, Bohemiae Rex - Ferdinand II., by the grace of God Emperor of the Romans, Always August, King of Germany, Hungary, Bohemia.) - Straight on top twofold curved Hungarian shield divides mintmark.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eReverse:\u003c\/b\u003e PATRO · HVNGA · - Crowned and glorified Madonna with child in her left arm, cross in the right hand on a crescent; date in legend\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAll purchases include a Certificate of Authenticity. You will receive the exact item in the photos.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"History Hoard","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":53259790582044,"sku":"AUCT-NOV-FIFTH-SO-30-AD","price":79.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0102\/1096\/7599\/files\/IMG_9767-Photoroom.jpg?v=1761862053"},{"product_id":"france-county-of-nevers-herve-iv-of-donzy-silver-denier-1199-to-1223-ad-the-crusades","title":"France, County of Nevers, Hervé IV of Donzy, Silver Denier - 1199 to 1223 CE - The Crusades","description":"\u003cp\u003eThese silver deniers were minted under Hervé IV of Donzy, a prominent French nobleman who became Count of Nevers. Like many nobles of his generation, Hervé took part in the wider religious and military movements of the age, joining the Fifth Crusade and dying shortly after or during his return from the eastern Mediterranean.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Fifth Crusade (1217 - 1221) was a papally directed effort that aimed to seize Egypt—the strategic center of Ayyubid power—as the key to restoring Christian control over Jerusalem. Crusader forces, including French nobles such as Hervé, successfully captured the Egyptian port city of Damietta after a lengthy siege but squandered the advantage through poor leadership, internal disagreements, and an overconfident advance toward Cairo that ended in disaster when the Nile’s floodwaters trapped their army. Forced to surrender Damietta, the crusaders returned home with little to show for the campaign, leaving the Holy Land’s balance of power largely unchanged and marking the expedition as one of the more costly failures of the medieval crusading movement.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe obverse of these coins bears the legend \"COMЄS ЄRVЄVS\" (Count Harvey), which surrounds a sickle and star. The reverse bears the legend \"NIVЄRNIS CIVIT\" (City of Nevers) around a cross.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eEach\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"JsGRdQ\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e includes a \u003cstrong\u003eCertificate of Authenticity.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"History Hoard","offers":[{"title":"Include display case (+$0.00)","offer_id":53335809425692,"sku":"MR-FR-HERVEIV","price":74.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"No display - just the coin certificate and info card (save $15.00 each)","offer_id":53335809458460,"sku":"MR-FR-HERVEIV-NO","price":59.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0102\/1096\/7599\/files\/frenchdeniers.jpg?v=1763153827"},{"product_id":"county-of-gien-count-geoffroy-iii-bi-1-denier-1120-to-1160-ce-french-states-os53ba","title":"County of Gien, Count Geoffroy III, BI 1 Denier - 1120 to 1160 CE - French States","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eIncludes glass top leatherette display box.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eOrigin:\u003c\/b\u003e County of Gien (French States)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eAuthority:\u003c\/b\u003e Count Geoffroy III\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eDate:\u003c\/b\u003e 1120 - 1160 CE\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eDenomination:\u003c\/b\u003e BI (billon, debased silver) 1 Denier \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eMint:\u003c\/b\u003e Gien, France\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eSize:\u003c\/b\u003e 19mm\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eObverse:\u003c\/b\u003e ✠ GOSEDVS COS (Geoffrey, count) - Cross with a hammer in second quarter and a coin in third.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eReverse:\u003c\/b\u003e ✠ GIEMIS CΛ (Castle of Gien) - Monogram of Fulk, simplified, with a crosslet replacing the O on the right.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAll purchases include a Certificate of Authenticity. You will receive the exact item in the photos.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"History Hoard","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":53438776344860,"sku":"AUCT-DEC-THIRD-25-OS-53-BA","price":59.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0102\/1096\/7599\/files\/IMG_0667-Photoroom.jpg?v=1764795539"},{"product_id":"county-of-gien-count-geoffroy-iii-bi-1-denier-1120-to-1160-ce-french-states-os56bd","title":"County of Gien, Count Geoffroy III, BI 1 Denier - 1120 to 1160 CE - French States","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eIncludes glass top leatherette display box.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eOrigin:\u003c\/b\u003e County of Gien (French States)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eAuthority:\u003c\/b\u003e Count Geoffroy III\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eDate:\u003c\/b\u003e 1120 - 1160 CE\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eDenomination:\u003c\/b\u003e BI (billon, debased silver) 1 Denier \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eMint:\u003c\/b\u003e Gien, France\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eSize:\u003c\/b\u003e 19mm\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eObverse:\u003c\/b\u003e ✠ GOSEDVS COS (Geoffrey, count) - Cross with a hammer in second quarter and a coin in third.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eReverse:\u003c\/b\u003e ✠ GIEMIS CΛ (Castle of Gien) - Monogram of Fulk, simplified, with a crosslet replacing the O on the right.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAll purchases include a Certificate of Authenticity. You will receive the exact item in the photos.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"History Hoard","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":53438776934684,"sku":"AUCT-DEC-THIRD-25-OS-56-BD","price":59.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0102\/1096\/7599\/files\/IMG_0673-Photoroom.jpg?v=1764795669"},{"product_id":"county-of-gien-count-geoffroy-iii-bi-1-denier-1120-to-1160-ce-french-states-os57be","title":"County of Gien, Count Geoffroy III, BI 1 Denier - 1120 to 1160 CE - French States","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eIncludes glass top leatherette display box.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eOrigin:\u003c\/b\u003e County of Gien (French States)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eAuthority:\u003c\/b\u003e Count Geoffroy III\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eDate:\u003c\/b\u003e 1120 - 1160 CE\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eDenomination:\u003c\/b\u003e BI (billon, debased silver) 1 Denier \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eMint:\u003c\/b\u003e Gien, France\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eSize:\u003c\/b\u003e 19mm\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eObverse:\u003c\/b\u003e ✠ GOSEDVS COS (Geoffrey, count) - Cross with a hammer in second quarter and a coin in third.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eReverse:\u003c\/b\u003e ✠ GIEMIS CΛ (Castle of Gien) - Monogram of Fulk, simplified, with a crosslet replacing the O on the right.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAll purchases include a Certificate of Authenticity. You will receive the exact item in the photos.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"History Hoard","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":53438777098524,"sku":"AUCT-DEC-THIRD-25-OS-57-BE","price":59.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0102\/1096\/7599\/files\/IMG_0675-Photoroom_ca524f2d-8a2f-4eb1-97a6-d5c82ea9c923.jpg?v=1764795670"},{"product_id":"county-of-gien-count-geoffroy-iii-bi-1-denier-1120-to-1160-ce-french-states-os58bf","title":"County of Gien, Count Geoffroy III, BI 1 Denier - 1120 to 1160 CE - French States","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eIncludes glass top leatherette display box.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eOrigin:\u003c\/b\u003e County of Gien (French States)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eAuthority:\u003c\/b\u003e Count Geoffroy III\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eDate:\u003c\/b\u003e 1120 - 1160 CE\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eDenomination:\u003c\/b\u003e BI (billon, debased silver) 1 Denier \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eMint:\u003c\/b\u003e Gien, France\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eSize:\u003c\/b\u003e 19mm\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eObverse:\u003c\/b\u003e ✠ GOSEDVS COS (Geoffrey, count) - Cross with a hammer in second quarter and a coin in third.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eReverse:\u003c\/b\u003e ✠ GIEMIS CΛ (Castle of Gien) - Monogram of Fulk, simplified, with a crosslet replacing the O on the right.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAll purchases include a Certificate of Authenticity. You will receive the exact item in the photos.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"History Hoard","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":53438777229596,"sku":"AUCT-DEC-THIRD-25-OS-58-BF","price":59.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0102\/1096\/7599\/files\/IMG_0677-Photoroom.jpg?v=1764795671"},{"product_id":"republic-of-venice-doge-francesco-foscari-ar-1-grosso-1423-to-1457-ce-venice-italian-states-os61bi","title":"Republic of Venice, Doge Francesco Foscari, AR 1 Grosso - 1423 to 1457 CE - Venice, Italian States","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eIncludes glass top leatherette display box.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eOrigin:\u003c\/b\u003e Republic of Venice (Italian States)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eAuthority:\u003c\/b\u003e Doge Francesco Foscari\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eDate:\u003c\/b\u003e 1423 - 1457 CE\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eDenomination:\u003c\/b\u003e AR (silver) 1 Grosso\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eMint:\u003c\/b\u003e Venice, Italy\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eSize:\u003c\/b\u003e 20.5mm\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eObverse:\u003c\/b\u003e FRA FOSCARI S M VENETI - Doge (duke) stands facing receiving banner from patron saint St. Mark.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eReverse:\u003c\/b\u003e ✠ • TIBI • LAVS 3 • GLORIA - Facing figure of Nimbate Jesus Christ Pantocrator, enthroned, IC XC field to the left and right.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eNotes:\u003c\/b\u003e \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAll purchases include a Certificate of Authenticity. You will receive the exact item in the photos.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"History Hoard","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":53438777819420,"sku":"AUCT-DEC-THIRD-25-OS-61-BI","price":109.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0102\/1096\/7599\/files\/IMG_0684-Photoroom.jpg?v=1764795738"},{"product_id":"byzantine-empire-anonymous-follis-portrait-of-jesus-christ-969-to-1118-ce-byzantine-empire","title":"Byzantine Empire, Anonymous Follis, Portrait of Jesus Christ - 969 to 1118 CE - Byzantine Empire","description":"\u003cp\u003eThese bronze coins of the Byzantine Empire were issued anonymously under various emperors, with the usual imperial portraits being replaced by a portrait of Jesus Christ. Collectively, these issues are known as anonymous Byzantine folles—“follis” being the denomination, with “folles” as its plural form.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAlthough images of Christ eventually became common on Byzantine coinage, they appeared very gradually. The earliest known depiction of Jesus on a coin dates to the reign of Justinian II (685 - 695 CE), when his portrait was introduced on a gold solidus. Bronze coinage, however, did not adopt Christ’s image until much later—nearly a millennium after the traditional date of Christ’s birth.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA major shift occurred in the late tenth century under Emperor John I Tzimisces, who reigned from 969 to 976 CE. From his reign onward, and lasting for roughly 123 years, Byzantine emperors ceased placing their own likenesses on bronze coins. Instead, these issues featured Christ alone, emphasizing the emperor’s subordinate role to divine authority.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMost of these coins depict a bearded bust of Christ framed by a cross and encircled by a halo. While the obverse design remained relatively consistent, the reverses vary in layout and inscription, with the most frequently encountered legends proclaiming either “Jesus Christ, King of Kings,\" or the phrase “May Jesus Christ Conquer.”\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eEach\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"JsGRdQ\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e includes a \u003cstrong\u003eCertificate of Authenticity.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"History Hoard","offers":[{"title":"Include display case (+$0.00)","offer_id":53501157343516,"sku":"MR-BYZ-ANON-FOL","price":99.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"No display - just the coin certificate and info card (save $15.00 each)","offer_id":53501157376284,"sku":"MR-BYZ-ANON-FOL-NO","price":84.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0102\/1096\/7599\/files\/anonfollisinbox.jpg?v=1765569425"},{"product_id":"hungary-king-rudolph-ar-1-denier-1596-ce-hungary-x14n","title":"Hungary, King Rudolph, AR 1 Denier - 1596 CE - Hungary","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eIncludes glass top leatherette display box.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eOrigin:\u003c\/b\u003e Hungary\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eAuthority:\u003c\/b\u003e King Rudolph\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eDate:\u003c\/b\u003e 1596 CE\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eDenomination:\u003c\/b\u003e AR (silver) 1 Denier  \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eSize:\u003c\/b\u003e 14mm, 0.44g\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eObverse:\u003c\/b\u003e RVD•II•RO•I•S•AV•G•H•B•R• (Rudolf II, by the grace of God, Emperor of the Romans, forever Monarch, King of Germany, Hungary, Bohemia) - Curved, pointed fourfold Hungarian coat of arms: Hungarian Árpád stripes, Hungarian double cross, Dalmatian leopard heads, Bohemian lion; on the center chest shield: Austrian bonds.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eReverse:\u003c\/b\u003e PATR ¤ 1596 ¤ HVNG (Patroness of Hungary) - Crowned Madonna, with child on her right divide mintmarks,. date in the circular legend\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAll purchases include a Certificate of Authenticity. You will receive the exact item in the photos.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"History Hoard","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":53813021540636,"sku":"AUCT-JAN-TWYEGT-26-JX-14-N","price":49.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0102\/1096\/7599\/files\/IMG_1982-Photoroom.jpg?v=1769642768"},{"product_id":"french-states-lordship-of-deols-ar-1-denier-1160-to-1176-ce-french-states-x17q","title":"French States, Lordship of Déols, AR 1 Denier - 1160 to 1176 CE - French States","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eIncludes glass top leatherette display box.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eOrigin:\u003c\/b\u003e Lordship of Déols (French States)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eAuthority:\u003c\/b\u003e Lord Ralph VI\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eDate:\u003c\/b\u003e 1160 - 1176 CE\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eDenomination:\u003c\/b\u003e AR (silver) 1 Denier\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eMint:\u003c\/b\u003e Déols, France\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eSize:\u003c\/b\u003e 18mm, 0.68g\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eObverse:\u003c\/b\u003e ✠ RADVLFVഗ - Cross\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eReverse:\u003c\/b\u003e ✠ DЄDOLIഗ - Hexalpha with annulet\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAll purchases include a Certificate of Authenticity. You will receive the exact item in the photos.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"History Hoard","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":53813022195996,"sku":"AUCT-JAN-TWYEGT-26-JX-17-Q","price":79.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0102\/1096\/7599\/files\/IMG_1989-Photoroom.jpg?v=1769642772"},{"product_id":"french-states-lordship-of-deols-ar-1-denier-1160-to-1176-ce-french-states-x18r","title":"French States, Lordship of Déols, AR 1 Denier - 1160 to 1176 CE - French States","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eIncludes glass top leatherette display box.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eOrigin:\u003c\/b\u003e Lordship of Déols (French States)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eAuthority:\u003c\/b\u003e Lord Ralph VI\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eDate:\u003c\/b\u003e 1160 - 1176 CE\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eDenomination:\u003c\/b\u003e AR (silver) 1 Denier\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eMint:\u003c\/b\u003e Déols, France\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eSize:\u003c\/b\u003e 19mm, 0.74g\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eObverse:\u003c\/b\u003e ✠ RADVLFVഗ - Cross\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eReverse:\u003c\/b\u003e ✠ DЄDOLIഗ - Hexalpha with annulet\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAll purchases include a Certificate of Authenticity. You will receive the exact item in the photos.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"History Hoard","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":53813022327068,"sku":"AUCT-JAN-TWYEGT-26-JX-18-R","price":69.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0102\/1096\/7599\/files\/IMG_1991-Photoroom.jpg?v=1769642773"},{"product_id":"french-states-lordship-of-deols-ar-1-denier-1160-to-1176-ce-french-states-x19s","title":"French States, Lordship of Déols, AR 1 Denier - 1160 to 1176 CE - French States","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eIncludes glass top leatherette display box.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eOrigin:\u003c\/b\u003e Lordship of Déols (French States)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eAuthority:\u003c\/b\u003e Lord Ralph VI\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eDate:\u003c\/b\u003e 1160 - 1176 CE\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eDenomination:\u003c\/b\u003e AR (silver) 1 Denier\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eMint:\u003c\/b\u003e Déols, France\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eSize:\u003c\/b\u003e 19mm, 0.58g\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eObverse:\u003c\/b\u003e ✠ RADVLFVഗ - Cross\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eReverse:\u003c\/b\u003e ✠ DЄDOLIഗ - Hexalpha with annulet\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAll purchases include a Certificate of Authenticity. You will receive the exact item in the photos.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"History Hoard","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":53813022490908,"sku":"AUCT-JAN-TWYEGT-26-JX-19-S","price":69.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0102\/1096\/7599\/files\/IMG_1993-Photoroom.jpg?v=1769642774"},{"product_id":"french-states-lordship-of-deols-ar-1-denier-1160-to-1176-ce-french-states-x23w","title":"French States, Lordship of Déols, AR 1 Denier - 1160 to 1176 CE - French States","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eIncludes glass top leatherette display box.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eOrigin:\u003c\/b\u003e Lordship of Déols (French States)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eAuthority:\u003c\/b\u003e Lord Ralph VI\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eDate:\u003c\/b\u003e 1160 - 1176 CE\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eDenomination:\u003c\/b\u003e AR (silver) 1 Denier\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eMint:\u003c\/b\u003e Déols, France\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eSize:\u003c\/b\u003e 19.5mm, 0.86g\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eObverse:\u003c\/b\u003e ✠ RADVLFVഗ - Cross\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eReverse:\u003c\/b\u003e ✠ DЄDOLIഗ - Hexalpha with annulet\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAll purchases include a Certificate of Authenticity. You will receive the exact item in the photos.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"History Hoard","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":53813023211804,"sku":"AUCT-JAN-TWYEGT-26-JX-23-W","price":69.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0102\/1096\/7599\/files\/IMG_2001-Photoroom.jpg?v=1769642931"},{"product_id":"french-states-county-of-gien-geoffroy-iii-bi-1-denier-1120-to-1160-ce-french-states-x25y","title":"French States, County of Gien, Geoffroy III, BI 1 Denier - 1120 to 1160 CE - French States","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eIncludes glass top leatherette display box.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eOrigin:\u003c\/b\u003e County of Gien (French States)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eAuthority:\u003c\/b\u003e Count Geoffroy III\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eDate:\u003c\/b\u003e 1120 - 1160 CE\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eDenomination:\u003c\/b\u003e BI (billon, debased silver) 1 Denier \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eMint:\u003c\/b\u003e Gien, France\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eSize:\u003c\/b\u003e 19.5mm, 0.82g\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eObverse:\u003c\/b\u003e ✠ GOSEDVS COS (Geoffrey, count) - Cross with a hammer in second quarter and a coin in third.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eReverse:\u003c\/b\u003e ✠ GIEMIS CΛ (Castle of Gien) - Monogram of Fulk, simplified, with a crosslet replacing the O on the right.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAll purchases include a Certificate of Authenticity. You will receive the exact item in the photos.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"History Hoard","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":53813023605020,"sku":"AUCT-JAN-TWYEGT-26-JX-25-Y","price":69.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0102\/1096\/7599\/files\/IMG_2005-Photoroom.jpg?v=1769642935"},{"product_id":"french-states-county-of-gien-geoffroy-iii-bi-1-denier-1120-to-1160-ce-french-states-x26z","title":"French States, County of Gien, Geoffroy III, BI 1 Denier - 1120 to 1160 CE - French States","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eIncludes glass top leatherette display box.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eOrigin:\u003c\/b\u003e County of Gien (French States)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eAuthority:\u003c\/b\u003e Count Geoffroy III\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eDate:\u003c\/b\u003e 1120 - 1160 CE\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eDenomination:\u003c\/b\u003e BI (billon, debased silver) 1 Denier \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eMint:\u003c\/b\u003e Gien, France\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eSize:\u003c\/b\u003e 19mm, 0.72g\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eObverse:\u003c\/b\u003e ✠ GOSEDVS COS (Geoffrey, count) - Cross with a hammer in second quarter and a coin in third.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eReverse:\u003c\/b\u003e ✠ GIEMIS CΛ (Castle of Gien) - Monogram of Fulk, simplified, with a crosslet replacing the O on the right.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAll purchases include a Certificate of Authenticity. You will receive the exact item in the photos.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"History Hoard","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":53813023768860,"sku":"AUCT-JAN-TWYEGT-26-JX-26-Z","price":64.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0102\/1096\/7599\/files\/IMG_2007-Photoroom.jpg?v=1769642935"},{"product_id":"french-states-county-of-gien-geoffroy-iii-bi-1-denier-1120-to-1160-ce-french-states-x27aa","title":"French States, County of Gien, Geoffroy III, BI 1 Denier - 1120 to 1160 CE - French States","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eIncludes glass top leatherette display box.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eOrigin:\u003c\/b\u003e County of Gien (French States)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eAuthority:\u003c\/b\u003e Count Geoffroy III\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eDate:\u003c\/b\u003e 1120 - 1160 CE\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eDenomination:\u003c\/b\u003e BI (billon, debased silver) 1 Denier \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eMint:\u003c\/b\u003e Gien, France\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eSize:\u003c\/b\u003e 18.5mm, 0.65g\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eObverse:\u003c\/b\u003e ✠ GOSEDVS COS (Geoffrey, count) - Cross with a hammer in second quarter and a coin in third.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eReverse:\u003c\/b\u003e ✠ GIEMIS CΛ (Castle of Gien) - Monogram of Fulk, simplified, with a crosslet replacing the O on the right.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAll purchases include a Certificate of Authenticity. You will receive the exact item in the photos.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"History Hoard","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":53813023932700,"sku":"AUCT-JAN-TWYEGT-26-JX-27-AA","price":69.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0102\/1096\/7599\/files\/IMG_2009-Photoroom.jpg?v=1769642937"},{"product_id":"kingdom-of-bohemia-george-of-podebrady-1-heller-1458-to-1471-ce-medieval-europe","title":"Kingdom of Bohemia, George of Poděbrady, 1 Heller - 1458 to 1471 CE - Medieval Europe","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eThese small silver hellers were struck during the reign of George of Poděbrady, who ruled the Kingdom of Bohemia (in the modern day Czech Republic) from 1458 to 1471 CE. An elected Bohemian noble rather than a foreign dynastic ruler, George came to power in the aftermath of the Hussite conflicts, a period of prolonged religious and political instability.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eHe is notable for pursuing diplomatic solutions to Europe’s divisions rather than crusade, even proposing a cooperative league of Christian rulers, an idea some have described as a distant precursor to later European political congresses.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eThis coinage belongs to a transitional era in Central Europe, when new ideas about governance, diplomacy, and regional identity were beginning to emerge. Unlike large ceremonial issues, these hellers were intended for everyday use. They circulated widely among the working-class to form the backbone of the late medieval economy. Their typically crude strikes, irregular shapes, and compact size reflect rapid production and heavy use.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThese coins feature the Bohemian lion and are uniface, meaning the design appears on only one side.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eEach\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"JsGRdQ\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e includes a \u003cstrong\u003eCertificate of Authenticity.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"History Hoard","offers":[{"title":"Include display case (+$0.00)","offer_id":53967459582236,"sku":"MR-BOHEMIA-GPOD","price":39.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"No display - just the coin certificate and info card (save $15.00 each)","offer_id":53967459615004,"sku":"MR-BOHEMIA-GPOD-NO","price":24.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0102\/1096\/7599\/files\/bohemia_coin_in_box.jpg?v=1773443958"},{"product_id":"swiss-cantons-city-of-schwyz-bi-1-batzen-1624-ce-switzerland-f5e","title":"Swiss Cantons, City of Schwyz, BI 1 Batzen - 1624 CE - Switzerland","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eIncludes glass top leatherette display box.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eOrigin:\u003c\/b\u003e Swiss Cantons\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eAuthority:\u003c\/b\u003e City of Schwyz\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eDate:\u003c\/b\u003e 1624 CE\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eDenomination:\u003c\/b\u003e BI (billon, debased silver) 1 Batzen \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eSize:\u003c\/b\u003e 25mm, 1.97g\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eObverse:\u003c\/b\u003e 🏵 MON : NOVA SVITENSIS - Curved and arched shield with ornamentation on anchor cross, date below.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eReverse:\u003c\/b\u003e 🏵 TVRR : FORTISS : NOM : DOM : 🏵 (TVRRIS FORTISSIMA NOMEN DOMINI) - Crowned imperial eagle.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eNotes:\u003c\/b\u003e In the 17th and 18th centuries, the Swiss cantons formed a loose confederation known as the Old Swiss Confederacy, rather than a unified nation. Each canton governed itself independently, with significant differences in religion—some were Catholic while others followed Protestantism after the Reformation. Despite internal tensions and occasional conflicts, the cantons maintained a degree of cooperation for mutual defense and economic stability until the confederation was transformed by the French invasion of Switzerland at the end of the 18th century.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAll purchases include a Certificate of Authenticity. You will receive the exact item in the photos.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"History Hoard","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":54001421877532,"sku":"AUCT-MAR-TWYFOUR-26-AF-5-E","price":129.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0102\/1096\/7599\/files\/IMG_3994-Photoroom.jpg?v=1774463741"},{"product_id":"swiss-cantons-bishopric-of-sion-bi-6-kreuzers-1777-ce-switzerland-f6f","title":"Swiss Cantons, Bishopric of Sion, BI 6 Kreuzers - 1777 CE - Switzerland","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eIncludes glass top leatherette display box.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eOrigin:\u003c\/b\u003e Swiss Cantons\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eAuthority:\u003c\/b\u003e Bishopric of Sion (Valais)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eDate:\u003c\/b\u003e 1777 CE\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eDenomination:\u003c\/b\u003e BI (billon, debased silver) 6 Kreuzers \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eSize:\u003c\/b\u003e 25mm, 4.22g\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eObverse:\u003c\/b\u003e F.FRID. AM: BUEL EP.SED - Mitre above four-fold arms.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eReverse:\u003c\/b\u003e VALL. 1777. COM.E.P.RE.: CR.6 - 2-headed eagle over arms.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eNotes:\u003c\/b\u003e In the 17th and 18th centuries, the Swiss cantons formed a loose confederation known as the Old Swiss Confederacy, rather than a unified nation. Each canton governed itself independently, with significant differences in religion—some were Catholic while others followed Protestantism after the Reformation. Despite internal tensions and occasional conflicts, the cantons maintained a degree of cooperation for mutual defense and economic stability until the confederation was transformed by the French invasion of Switzerland at the end of the 18th century.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAll purchases include a Certificate of Authenticity. You will receive the exact item in the photos.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"History Hoard","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":54001421910300,"sku":"AUCT-MAR-TWYFOUR-26-AF-6-F","price":129.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0102\/1096\/7599\/files\/IMG_3996-Photoroom.jpg?v=1774463742"},{"product_id":"swiss-cantons-city-of-st-gallen-ar-3-kreuzers-1568-ce-switzerland-f8h","title":"Swiss Cantons, City of St. Gallen, AR 3 Kreuzers - 1568 CE - Switzerland","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eIncludes glass top leatherette display box.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eOrigin:\u003c\/b\u003e Swiss Cantons\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eAuthority:\u003c\/b\u003e City of St. Gallen\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eDate:\u003c\/b\u003e 1568 CE\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eDenomination:\u003c\/b\u003e AR (silver) 3 Kreuzers (or 1 Groschen)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eSize:\u003c\/b\u003e 22mm, 2.04g\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eObverse:\u003c\/b\u003e ✦ MO ✦ NO ✦ CIVI ✦ SANGALEN ✦ G - Standing bear left.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eReverse:\u003c\/b\u003e VNI ✦ 7 ✦ SOLI ✦ DEO ✦ GLORIA - Crowned double-headed eagle with value inside orb on the chest.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eNotes:\u003c\/b\u003e In the 17th and 18th centuries, the Swiss cantons formed a loose confederation known as the Old Swiss Confederacy, rather than a unified nation. Each canton governed itself independently, with significant differences in religion—some were Catholic while others followed Protestantism after the Reformation. Despite internal tensions and occasional conflicts, the cantons maintained a degree of cooperation for mutual defense and economic stability until the confederation was transformed by the French invasion of Switzerland at the end of the 18th century.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAll purchases include a Certificate of Authenticity. You will receive the exact item in the photos.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"History Hoard","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":54001421975836,"sku":"AUCT-MAR-TWYFOUR-26-AF-8-H","price":99.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0102\/1096\/7599\/files\/IMG_4000-Photoroom_da587564-57af-49ce-9d3d-42cf637b5f99.jpg?v=1774463726"},{"product_id":"swiss-cantons-bishopric-of-lausanne-bi-1-tresel-1440-to-1461-ce-switzerland-f10j","title":"Swiss Cantons, Bishopric of Lausanne, BI 1 Tresel - 1440 to 1461 CE - Switzerland","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eIncludes glass top leatherette display box.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eOrigin:\u003c\/b\u003e Swiss Cantons\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eAuthority:\u003c\/b\u003e Bishopric of Lausanne (Vaud)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eDate:\u003c\/b\u003e 1440 - 1461 CE\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eDenomination:\u003c\/b\u003e BI (billon, debased silver) 1 Tresel \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eSize:\u003c\/b\u003e 20mm, 1.17g\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eObverse:\u003c\/b\u003e G: D: SALVCIIS EP LAVS - Madonna holding child.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eReverse:\u003c\/b\u003e +SIT NOME DNI BENEDTV - Floriated cross within circle.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eNotes:\u003c\/b\u003e In the 17th and 18th centuries, the Swiss cantons formed a loose confederation known as the Old Swiss Confederacy, rather than a unified nation. Each canton governed itself independently, with significant differences in religion—some were Catholic while others followed Protestantism after the Reformation. Despite internal tensions and occasional conflicts, the cantons maintained a degree of cooperation for mutual defense and economic stability until the confederation was transformed by the French invasion of Switzerland at the end of the 18th century.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAll purchases include a Certificate of Authenticity. You will receive the exact item in the photos.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"History Hoard","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":54001422041372,"sku":"AUCT-MAR-TWYFOUR-26-AF-10-J","price":79.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0102\/1096\/7599\/files\/IMG_4004-Photoroom_61f1722b-80a9-406f-8b6c-18a27dc14329.jpg?v=1774463731"},{"product_id":"lordship-of-haldenstein-lord-gubert-of-salis-bi-1-bluzger-1728-ce-switzerland-f12l","title":"Lordship of Haldenstein, Lord Gubert of Salis, BI 1 Bluzger - 1728 CE - Switzerland","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eIncludes glass top leatherette display box.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eOrigin:\u003c\/b\u003e Lordship of Haldenstein (Grisons)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eAuthority:\u003c\/b\u003e Lord Gubert of Salis\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eDate:\u003c\/b\u003e 1728 CE\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eDenomination:\u003c\/b\u003e BI (billon, debased silver) 1 Bluzger \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eSize:\u003c\/b\u003e 17.5mm, 0.63g\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eObverse:\u003c\/b\u003e G V S D I HALDENST - Crowned shield\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eReverse:\u003c\/b\u003e SPES MEA EST DEVS - Cross\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eNotes:\u003c\/b\u003e In the 17th and 18th centuries, the Swiss cantons formed a loose confederation known as the Old Swiss Confederacy, rather than a unified nation. Each canton governed itself independently, with significant differences in religion—some were Catholic while others followed Protestantism after the Reformation. Despite internal tensions and occasional conflicts, the cantons maintained a degree of cooperation for mutual defense and economic stability until the confederation was transformed by the French invasion of Switzerland at the end of the 18th century.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAll purchases include a Certificate of Authenticity. You will receive the exact item in the photos.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"History Hoard","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":54001422106908,"sku":"AUCT-MAR-TWYFOUR-26-AF-12-L","price":39.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0102\/1096\/7599\/files\/IMG_4009-Photoroom_3cbc5d75-e331-4888-9822-ad51da9f2666.jpg?v=1774464384"},{"product_id":"swiss-cantons-city-of-bern-bi-1-kreuzer-1619-ce-switzerland-f23w","title":"Swiss Cantons, City of Bern, BI 1 Kreuzer - 1619 CE - Switzerland","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eIncludes glass top leatherette display box.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eOrigin:\u003c\/b\u003e Swiss Cantons\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eAuthority:\u003c\/b\u003e City of Bern\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eDate:\u003c\/b\u003e 1619 CE\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eDenomination:\u003c\/b\u003e BI (billon, debased silver) 1 Kreuzer \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eSize:\u003c\/b\u003e 19mm, 0.9g\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eObverse:\u003c\/b\u003e MONE BERNENSIS 1619: (Moneta Bernensis) - Eagle over bear within circle. Year in lengend.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eReverse:\u003c\/b\u003e + BERCHT·D·ZERIN·COND - Cross within beaded circle. Legend surrounding.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eNotes:\u003c\/b\u003e In the 17th and 18th centuries, the Swiss cantons formed a loose confederation known as the Old Swiss Confederacy, rather than a unified nation. Each canton governed itself independently, with significant differences in religion—some were Catholic while others followed Protestantism after the Reformation. Despite internal tensions and occasional conflicts, the cantons maintained a degree of cooperation for mutual defense and economic stability until the confederation was transformed by the French invasion of Switzerland at the end of the 18th century.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAll purchases include a Certificate of Authenticity. You will receive the exact item in the photos.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"History Hoard","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":54001422500124,"sku":"AUCT-MAR-TWYFOUR-26-AF-23-W","price":89.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0102\/1096\/7599\/files\/IMG_4031-Photoroom.jpg?v=1774464538"},{"product_id":"hungary-king-bela-iii-ae-follis-1172-to-1196-ce-hungary-f29ac","title":"Hungary, King Béla III, AE Follis - 1172 to 1196 CE - Hungary","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eIncludes glass top leatherette display box.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eOrigin:\u003c\/b\u003e Hungary\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eAuthority:\u003c\/b\u003e King Béla III\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eDate:\u003c\/b\u003e 1172 - 1196 CE\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eDenomination:\u003c\/b\u003e AE (copper) Follis\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eSize:\u003c\/b\u003e 23.5mm, 1.52g\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eObverse:\u003c\/b\u003e Unreadable Kufic Arabic script\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eReverse:\u003c\/b\u003e Kufic script\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eNotes:\u003c\/b\u003e Imitation of Arabic coinage.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAll purchases include a Certificate of Authenticity. You will receive the exact item in the photos.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"History Hoard","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":54001422827804,"sku":"AUCT-MAR-TWYFOUR-26-AF-29-AC","price":69.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0102\/1096\/7599\/files\/IMG_4044-Photoroom_a88d4398-fde4-4ebb-a07c-d165fba155c4.jpg?v=1774464544"},{"product_id":"hungary-king-bela-iii-ae-follis-1172-to-1196-ce-hungary-f30ad","title":"Hungary, King Béla III, AE Follis - 1172 to 1196 CE - Hungary","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eIncludes glass top leatherette display box.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eOrigin:\u003c\/b\u003e Hungary\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eAuthority:\u003c\/b\u003e King Béla III\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eDate:\u003c\/b\u003e 1172 - 1196 CE\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eDenomination:\u003c\/b\u003e AE (copper) Follis\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eSize:\u003c\/b\u003e 23.5mm, 2.2g\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eObverse:\u003c\/b\u003e Unreadable Kufic Arabic script\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eReverse:\u003c\/b\u003e Kufic script\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eNotes:\u003c\/b\u003e Imitation of Arabic coinage.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAll purchases include a Certificate of Authenticity. You will receive the exact item in the photos.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"History Hoard","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":54001422893340,"sku":"AUCT-MAR-TWYFOUR-26-AF-30-AD","price":69.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0102\/1096\/7599\/files\/IMG_4046-Photoroom_31d08529-e123-4598-896c-de71df54798e.jpg?v=1774464545"},{"product_id":"byzantine-empire-anonymous-follis-class-a1-portrait-of-christ-attributed-to-john-i-969-to-976-ce-byzantine-empire-h32af","title":"Byzantine Empire, Anonymous Follis, Class A1, Portrait of Christ (Attributed to John I) - 969 to 976 CE - Byzantine Empire","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eIncludes glass top leatherette display box.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eOrigin:\u003c\/b\u003e Byzantine Empire\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eAuthority:\u003c\/b\u003e Anonymous (attributed to the reign of John I)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eDate:\u003c\/b\u003e 969 - 976 CE\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eDenomination:\u003c\/b\u003e AE (bronze) follis\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eSize:\u003c\/b\u003e 26.5mm, 9.53g\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eType Number:\u003c\/b\u003e SB 1793 Class A1 (Byzantine Coins and Their Values, by David Sear)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eObverse:\u003c\/b\u003e EMMANOVHA IX-XC - Bust of Christ facing with nimbus cross with two dots in each limb of the cross, holding book of Gospels decorated with a border of dots and dot in centre\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eReverse:\u003c\/b\u003e IhSUS XRISTUS bASILEU bASILE in four lines, no adornments above or below\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAll purchases include a Certificate of Authenticity. You will receive the exact item in the photos.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"History Hoard","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":54055310623004,"sku":"AUCT-APRIL-TWYTWO-26-WH-32-AF","price":49.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0102\/1096\/7599\/files\/IMG_5130-Photoroom.jpg?v=1776804055"},{"product_id":"byzantine-empire-anonymous-follis-class-a3-portrait-of-christ-attributed-to-constantine-viii-1025-1028-ce-byzantine-empire-h36aj","title":"Byzantine Empire, Anonymous Follis, Class A3, Portrait of Christ (Attributed to Constantine VIII) - 1025 -1028 CE - Byzantine Empire","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eIncludes glass top leatherette display box.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eOrigin:\u003c\/b\u003e Byzantine Empire\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eAuthority:\u003c\/b\u003e Anonymous (attributed to the reign of Constantine VIII)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eDate:\u003c\/b\u003e 1025 -1028 CE\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eDenomination:\u003c\/b\u003e AE (bronze) follis\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eSize:\u003c\/b\u003e 29.5mm, 10.19g\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eType Number:\u003c\/b\u003e SB 1818 Class A3 (Byzantine Coins and Their Values, by David Sear)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eObverse:\u003c\/b\u003e IC-XC to right and left of bust of Christ facing with nimbus cross behind head, 2 dots in each limb of the cross, holding book of gospels with dot in centre of the book's border\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eReverse:\u003c\/b\u003e IhSUS XRISTUS bASILEU bASILE in four lines\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAll purchases include a Certificate of Authenticity. You will receive the exact item in the photos.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"History Hoard","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":54055311409436,"sku":"AUCT-APRIL-TWYTWO-26-WH-36-AJ","price":49.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0102\/1096\/7599\/files\/IMG_5138-Photoroom.jpg?v=1776804058"},{"product_id":"byzantine-empire-anonymous-follis-class-b-portrait-of-christ-attributed-to-romanus-iii-1028-to-1034-ce-byzantine-empire-h37ak","title":"Byzantine Empire, Anonymous Follis, Class B, Portrait of Christ (Attributed to Romanus III) - 1028 to 1034 CE - Byzantine Empire","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eIncludes glass top leatherette display box.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eOrigin:\u003c\/b\u003e Byzantine Empire\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eAuthority:\u003c\/b\u003e Anonymous (attributed to the reign of Romanus III)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eDate:\u003c\/b\u003e 1028 - 1034 CE\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eDenomination:\u003c\/b\u003e AE (bronze) follis\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eMint:\u003c\/b\u003e Constantinople\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eSize:\u003c\/b\u003e 30mm, 13.12g\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eType Number:\u003c\/b\u003e SB 1823 Class B (Byzantine Coins and Their Values, by David Sear)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eObverse:\u003c\/b\u003e IC-XC to right and left of bust of Christ facing with nimbate cross behind head, square in each limb of nimbus cross, holding book of gospels, a dot in centre of dotted square on book\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eReverse:\u003c\/b\u003e IS-XS BAS-ILE BAS-ILE to left and right above and below cross with dots at the ends, on three steps.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAll purchases include a Certificate of Authenticity. You will receive the exact item in the photos.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"History Hoard","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":54055311769884,"sku":"AUCT-APRIL-TWYTWO-26-WH-37-AK","price":49.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0102\/1096\/7599\/files\/IMG_5140-Photoroom_d6ec308d-02c3-4a25-9e68-ea4f162971ae.jpg?v=1776804059"},{"product_id":"byzantine-empire-anonymous-follis-class-b-portrait-of-christ-attributed-to-romanus-iii-1028-to-1034-ce-byzantine-empire-h38al","title":"Byzantine Empire, Anonymous Follis, Class B, Portrait of Christ (Attributed to Romanus III) - 1028 to 1034 CE - Byzantine Empire","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eIncludes glass top leatherette display box.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eOrigin:\u003c\/b\u003e Byzantine Empire\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eAuthority:\u003c\/b\u003e Anonymous (attributed to the reign of Romanus III)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eDate:\u003c\/b\u003e 1028 - 1034 CE\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eDenomination:\u003c\/b\u003e AE (bronze) follis\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eMint:\u003c\/b\u003e Constantinople\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eSize:\u003c\/b\u003e 30mm, 10.42g\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eType Number:\u003c\/b\u003e SB 1823 Class B (Byzantine Coins and Their Values, by David Sear)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eObverse:\u003c\/b\u003e IC-XC to right and left of bust of Christ facing with nimbate cross behind head, square in each limb of nimbus cross, holding book of gospels, a dot in centre of dotted square on book\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eReverse:\u003c\/b\u003e IS-XS BAS-ILE BAS-ILE to left and right above and below cross with dots at the ends, on three steps.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAll purchases include a Certificate of Authenticity. You will receive the exact item in the photos.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"History Hoard","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":54055312097564,"sku":"AUCT-APRIL-TWYTWO-26-WH-38-AL","price":54.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0102\/1096\/7599\/files\/IMG_5142-Photoroom_590491bd-82b3-4264-a368-788d73f58f50.jpg?v=1776804059"}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0102\/1096\/7599\/collections\/Europe.jpg?v=1649828205","url":"https:\/\/www.historyhoard.com\/collections\/medieval-european-kingdoms.oembed?page=3","provider":"History Hoard","version":"1.0","type":"link"}