{"title":"HISTORY10 Code is Valid","description":"","products":[{"product_id":"ancient-collection-six-empires","title":"The Ancient Collection - 100 AD - 6 Coins","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eThe \u003cstrong\u003eAncient Collection\u003c\/strong\u003e features coins from six different cultures that flourished during antiquity. The collection includes:\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eA \u003cstrong\u003eRoman\u003c\/strong\u003e bronze nummus from the Constantinian dynasty, featuring the portrait of Constantine the Great or one of his sons (c. 306 to 363 CE)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA bronze coin from the kingdom of \u003cstrong\u003eElymais\u003c\/strong\u003e, which existed near present day Iran during the Hellenistic period (c. 147 BCE to 224 CE)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA prutah from ancient \u003cstrong\u003eJudea\u003c\/strong\u003e, which bore witness to the tumultuous times of Roman occupation (c. 140 BCE to 70 CE)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA bronze coin from the \u003cstrong\u003eNabataean Kingdom\u003c\/strong\u003e, the builders of the famous rock carved city of Petra\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA \u003cstrong\u003eChinese\u003c\/strong\u003e wu zhu from the Han dynasty (141 to 87 BCE)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA copper coin from the \u003cstrong\u003eNagas of Narwar\u003c\/strong\u003e in India (200 to 340 CE)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eThough lacking in precious metal content, these low denomination coins are especially interesting from a historical point of view because they were actually used in everyday transactions. As the currency of the common people, these coins were used to pay for a wide variety of goods and services, as well as taxes. They provide a glimpse into the everyday lives of people in ancient times and can tell us about the economy, trade, and social norms of the period.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eThis collection comes with a \u003cstrong\u003eCertificate of Authenticity\u003c\/strong\u003e, and each of the coins has been professionally cleaned and conserved.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"History Hoard","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":12459383160879,"sku":"AC-COL-ANCFULL","price":109.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0102\/1096\/7599\/files\/PhotoRoom-20230823_154642.png?v=1743105378"},{"product_id":"american-civil-war-era-bullet-minie-ball","title":"Civil War, Union Minié Ball - 1860's - United States","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBuy a Union, Confederate, and fired Minie ball to get 15% off!\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.historyhoard.com\/products\/civil-war-minie-balls-set-of-3-1860s-united-states\" data-mce-href=\"https:\/\/www.historyhoard.com\/products\/civil-war-minie-balls-set-of-3-1860s-united-states\"\u003eClick here to get the full set.\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e These three ring, .58 caliber \u003cspan data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMinié ball bullets\u003c\/strong\u003e were typically used by \u003cstrong\u003eUnion forces\u003c\/strong\u003e during the American Civil War. They were discovered using metal detectors on private land in \u003cstrong data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003evarious camps and battlefields in \u003cstrong data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eVirginia.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe \u003cspan\u003eMinié ball was a game changer for modern warfare. \u003c\/span\u003ePreviously, musket balls were inaccurate, low powered, and could take a full minute to load. Soldiers often just ended up using their bayonets instead.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, the Minié ball changed that. Suddenly, rifles were more accurate, more deadly, and much more practical. The main advantage of this new style of musket ball was that it allowed for rifles to be fully utilized during combat, an impossible feat just a few years earlier. The \u003cspan\u003eMinié ball drastically shortened the time it took to reload, by both fitting easily down the barrel of a rifle and eliminating the need for constant cleaning. They also exited the barrel at bone shattering speeds and hit their mark with greater precision. For better or for worse, this new projectile had changed warfare forever.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eA Certificate of Authenticity is issued with every order, and includes information about where the specific bullet was found when available.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: center;\" data-mce-style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cimg style=\"margin-top: 40px; float: none;\" height=\"2048x2048\" width=\"2048x2048\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0102\/1096\/7599\/files\/1_b9a96851-5324-48f7-8ed7-9668208d6e81_2048x2048.png?v=1589581527\" data-mce-style=\"margin-top: 40px; float: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center;\" data-mce-style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePresident Lincoln visiting the battlefield at Antietam, 1862\u003c\/em\u003e\u003cem\u003e \u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"History Hoard","offers":[{"title":"Include display case (+$0.00)","offer_id":32906790928431,"sku":"AM-CW-MB-UNION","price":29.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"No display - just the relic and certificate\/info card (save $15.00 each)","offer_id":51553829585180,"sku":"AM-CW-MB-UNION-NO","price":14.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0102\/1096\/7599\/products\/Union.jpg?v=1743105376"},{"product_id":"tsardom-of-russia-silver-kopek-wire-money","title":"Ivan The Terrible Kopek - 1500's - Russian Empire","description":"\u003cp\u003eOur Ivan \"The Terrible\" kopeks date back to the reign of Russia's first Tsar (\u003cspan\u003e1547 to 1584)\u003c\/span\u003e. Most were acquired from a private collection in Russia, and they have all received thorough inspection for authenticity by the History Hoard team.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e-----  -----  -----\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch1\u003eRussia's first Tsar was a complicated man.\u003c\/h1\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eContrary to popular belief, the name \"Ivan the Terrible\" wasn't given because of how bad Ivan IV Vasilyevich was as a leader\u003cspan\u003e—it actually meant \"formidable.\"\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBut he definitely did some \u003cem\u003eterrible\u003c\/em\u003e things.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOn the whole, Ivan was controversial. There's no doubt that he strengthened Russia, changing it from a primitive medieval state to a powerful empire.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOf course, he was also mentally unstable, paranoid, and had a habit of slaughtering anyone he thought of as a threat\u003cspan\u003e—nobles, entire towns, and even his own son.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn the end, Russians had to take the good with the bad.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThese \u003cem\u003ekopeks\u003c\/em\u003e are a unique kind of money made from tiny pieces of silver wire. Through them, you can own a piece of the brutal reign of the first Tsar and feel a connection to one of Russia's most terrifying leaders.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"d\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0102\/1096\/7599\/files\/Product_Descriptions_Wide_3_2048x2048.png?v=1589673367\" style=\"margin-top: 40px; float: none;\" width=\"2048x2048\" height=\"2048x2048\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"m\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0102\/1096\/7599\/files\/7_2048x2048.jpg?v=1592412137\" alt=\"Portrait of Ivan the Terrible\" width=\"2048x2048\" height=\"2048x2048\" style=\"margin-top: 20px; float: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eA portrait of Ivan IV \"The Terrible\"\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eAbout Ivan the Terrible:\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIvan IV Vasilyevich, more commonly known by his acquired nickname Ivan The Terrible, took the throne as the first Tsar of Russia in 1547. Contrary to popular belief, the word \"terrible\" was not meant to be interpreted as being \"bad\" or \"awful\"; rather, it was meant to describe the leader as fearsome and formidable.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis is not to say that Ivan the Terrible was a peaceful and benevolent leader. He was known for being extremely cruel towards Russian nobles (known as \u003cem\u003eboyars\u003c\/em\u003e) as he saw them as a threat to his power. As a result, he had many boyars executed in order to seize their lands. Ivan also perpetrated the Massacre of Novgorod using his private army, laying waste to the city and killing both boyars and commoners alike. His reasoning for this was simple paranoia; his mental state\u003c\/p\u003e\n","brand":"History Hoard","offers":[{"title":"Include display case (+$0.00)","offer_id":32906811965487,"sku":"EE-RUS-IVAN","price":34.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"No display - just the coin and certificate\/info card (save $15.00 each)","offer_id":51553829454108,"sku":"EE-RUS-IVAN-NO","price":19.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0102\/1096\/7599\/products\/PeterIkopek1.png?v=1743105373"},{"product_id":"dutch-east-india-co-coin","title":"Dutch East India Co. Coin - 1700's - Southeast Asia","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eThese copper coins were made by the Dutch East India Company (VOC), a powerful trading company that controlled a large portion of global trade during the 17th and 18th centuries. The coins are low denomination and feature the VOC monogram with the date of minting on the obverse side. The reverse shows the Dutch coat of arms.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eDuit coins were minted in various VOC controlled locations such as Batavia (now Jakarta), Ceylon (now Sri Lanka) and the Cape of Good Hope. These coins were produced in large quantities and widely used as currency in VOC territories, as well as in trade with other countries.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eThe Story of the VOC:\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eThe Dutch East India Company was established in 1602 as a chartered company, with the goal of monopolizing trade between the Dutch Republic and the East Indies. This region included modern-day Indonesia, Malaysia, and parts of China and India.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eAfter its founding, the VOC quickly became one of the most powerful and influential companies of all time. The company had a large fleet of ships and its own army, which it used to protect its trade routes between Europe and Asia and to conquer new territories. The VOC also played a major role in the colonization of parts of the East Indies, establishing settlements and controlling the local economies.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"\u003eIts power and influence began to decline in the 18th century as other European powers, such as the British and the French, began to challenge its monopoly on trade and colonization. The company was dissolved in 1799, but its legacy can still be seen in the cultural and economic influences it had on the East Indies and Europe.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"History Hoard","offers":[{"title":"Include display case (+$0.00)","offer_id":32887988387887,"sku":"EE-VOC-DUIT","price":29.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"No display - just the coin, certificate, and info card (save $15.00 each)","offer_id":51553829355804,"sku":"EE-VOC-DUIT-NO","price":14.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0102\/1096\/7599\/products\/PhotoRoom-20220301_154310_e67949f4-804f-46db-994d-98b983a3a55e.png?v=1743105371"},{"product_id":"mongol-empire-silver-coin","title":"Mongols, Golden Horde Silver - 1242 AD - Eastern Europe","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e These silver coins originate from the Golden Horde (1242 - 1502 AD), one of four Mongol \u003cem\u003ekhanates\u003c\/em\u003e that formed after the death of Genghis Khan. They have been acquired by History Hoard from private collections and thoroughly inspected for authenticity.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSee also: \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.historyhoard.com\/products\/mongol-copper-golden-horde-1300s\"\u003eMongol Copper, Golden Horde - 1300's\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"d\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0102\/1096\/7599\/files\/Product_Descriptions_Wide_12_2048x2048.jpg?v=1597189896\" alt=\"Tode Mongke\" width=\"2048x2048\" height=\"2048x2048\" style=\"margin-top: 40px; float: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"m\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0102\/1096\/7599\/files\/Product_Descriptions_Mobile_13_2048x2048.jpg?v=1597189934\" alt=\"Tode Mongke\" width=\"2048x2048\" height=\"2048x2048\" style=\"margin-top: 20px; float: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003ci\u003eTode Mongke at the head of the Golden Horde.\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch1 style=\"margin-top: 20px;\"\u003eThe Golden Horde: Western stronghold of the Mongols\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/h1\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Golden Horde covered much of Eastern Europe and Central Asia, but it was part of a greater whole: the Mongol Empire.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMost empires weren't made in a day, or even a century—but the Mongols built the second largest empire in history in only\u003cem\u003e sixty years.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOf course, the man responsible was none other than Genghis Khan.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eUpon his death, the massive empire split into four separate states (known as \u003cem\u003ekhanates\u003c\/em\u003e) divided among a handful of his sons.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis was the birth of the Golden Horde, the western stronghold of Mongol influence until it's fall in 1502.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThese beautiful coins feature intricate designs of typical Mongol fashion. Most are issues of the modern day Crimea, and are the perfect way to own a genuine piece of this once great empire.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"m\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0102\/1096\/7599\/files\/11455_2048x2048.jpg?v=1597192885\" alt=\"Mongols on horseback\" style=\"margin-top: 20px; float: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"d\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0102\/1096\/7599\/files\/Product_Descriptions_Wide_13_2048x2048.jpg?v=1597192995\" alt=\"Mongols on horseback\" width=\"2048x2048\" height=\"2048x2048\" style=\"margin-top: 40px; float: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"History Hoard","offers":[{"title":"Include display case (+$0.00)","offer_id":32906812325935,"sku":"MR-MNG-GHSIL","price":74.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"No display - just the coin and certificate\/info card (save $15.00 each)","offer_id":51553829290268,"sku":"MR-MNG-GHSIL-NO","price":59.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0102\/1096\/7599\/products\/Mongolsilver.jpg?v=1743105369"},{"product_id":"ancient-bronze-arrowhead-700-bc","title":"Scythian Bronze Arrowhead - 700 BC - East Europe","description":"\u003cp\u003eThis bronze arrowhead design was developed by the Scythians, a group of nomadic warriors on horseback who lived in what is now Siberia. Many other groups ended up adapting this design too—Greeks and Romans both used this kind of arrowhead as well. The arrowheads featured in this listing were found in the Eastern Mediterranean region, though it is impossible to attribute them to a particular culture.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBronze became the most common material for arrowheads around 2000 BCE, replacing the cruder stone ones of the Neolithic Age. It was sturdy, easy to cast, and held a very sharp edge. Though cheaper iron arrow tips began to develop over the next few hundred years as well, bronze still held its ground well into the beginning of the Medieval period.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eScythian bronze arrowheads came in many different forms. Some were flat, having one blade on each side, while others were three sided. The cruder ones were simply triangle or pyramid shaped, but the more complex ones were barbed\u003cspan\u003e—making the arrows nearly impossible to remove without immense pain and tissue damage.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eEven into medieval times, archery remained a staple of warfare for centuries. Only in the 16th century did it finally become obsolete in Europe, due to the advancement of early firearms.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"History Hoard","offers":[{"title":"Large (0.8 to 1.2 inches) \/ Include display case (+$0.00)","offer_id":46909895409948,"sku":"AC-SCY-ARROW-LG","price":49.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"Large (0.8 to 1.2 inches) \/ No display - just the relic and certificate\/info card","offer_id":46909895442716,"sku":"AC-SCY-ARROW-LG-NO","price":34.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"Small (0.5 to 0.7 inches) \/ Include display case (+$0.00)","offer_id":32906817077295,"sku":"AC-SCY-ARROW-SM","price":39.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"Small (0.5 to 0.7 inches) \/ No display - just the relic and certificate\/info card","offer_id":32906817110063,"sku":"AC-SCY-ARROW-SM-NO","price":24.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0102\/1096\/7599\/files\/BronzeArrowhead_fabced91-ceef-4d5a-b374-80714156829a_1.jpg?v=1743105366"},{"product_id":"smallest-gold-coin-in-history-1300s","title":"India, Smallest Gold Coin in History - 1300's AD - Vijayanagara Empire","description":"\u003cp\u003eThese gold coins date back to the Indian Vijayanagara Empire (1336 - 1646 AD), and have been acquired by History Hoard from a private collection. They have been thoroughly inspected for authenticity by our team.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e-----  -----  -----\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch1\u003eThe tiniest gold piece ever produced.\u003c\/h1\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIf you thought losing your pocket change was a modern problem, think again.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThese tiny coins come from the Vijayanagara Empire of India, and measure a mere \u003cem\u003e\u003c\/em\u003e2 to 3 millimeters\u003cem\u003e \u003c\/em\u003eacross.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFor context, that's smaller than a grain of \u003cem\u003erice\u003c\/em\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIt's incredible enough that medieval Indians were able to create these coins, but they went so far as to put a \u003cem\u003edesign\u003c\/em\u003e on them too.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eThe coins are valuable despite their size, being stuck from one of history's most prized metals—\u003c\/span\u003egold. How they could have been spent efficiently is a different story.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWe've carefully encased these coins in a plastic holder inside of our standard glass display, to keep these tiny treasures from being lost.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"d\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0102\/1096\/7599\/files\/Product_Descriptions_Wide_11_e8f4fc9d-b226-4c53-8b0a-91e1e5421ef4_2048x2048.png?v=1593728321\" alt=\"Hoysaleswara Temple\" width=\"2048x2048\" height=\"2048x2048\" style=\"margin-top: 40px; float: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"m\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0102\/1096\/7599\/files\/Product_Descriptions_Mobile_6_2048x2048.png?v=1593728362\" alt=\"Hoysaleswara Temple\" width=\"2048x2048\" height=\"2048x2048\" style=\"margin-top: 20px; float: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003ci\u003eMedieval carvings at Hoysaleswara Temple, India.\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3 style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003eAbout Medieval India:\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe medieval period lasted from about the 6th century to the 18th century AD. During this time, India wasn't the unified nation that we know it as today. Instead, it was a fractured group of dynasties that competed with each other for power. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDespite the lack of unity, these years were very culturally important to India. The age lead to the development of iconic Hindu architectural styles, and incredible paintings. This is also the period in which many of the modern day regional languages of India began to form.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe medieval period would finally come to an end at the start of the Mughal Empire, which unified India from 1526 to 1857.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"d\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0102\/1096\/7599\/files\/Product_Descriptions_Wide_10_c36ca9d0-040c-4106-9cb1-851ecd1f61c3_2048x2048.png?v=1593728406\" alt=\"Mehrangarh Fort\" width=\"2048x2048\" height=\"2048x2048\" style=\"margin-top: 40px; float: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"m\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0102\/1096\/7599\/files\/Product_Descriptions_Mobile_5_2048x2048.png?v=1593728448\" alt=\"Mehrangarh Fort\" width=\"2048x2048\" height=\"2048x2048\" style=\"margin-top: 20px; float: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eMehrangarh Fort, an Indian military stronghold built in the 15th century.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"History Hoard","offers":[{"title":"Include display case (+$0.00)","offer_id":32906812129327,"sku":"MR-IND-SGOLD","price":34.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"No display - just the coin and certificate\/info card (save $15.00 each)","offer_id":51553829159196,"sku":"MR-IND-SGOLD-NO","price":19.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0102\/1096\/7599\/products\/SmallestGoldCoin.jpg?v=1743105364"},{"product_id":"japanese-1-mon-edo-period-1700s","title":"Japan, Kan'ei Tsūhō (Copper) - 1700's - Edo Period","description":"\u003cp\u003eThese \u003cem\u003eKan'ei Tsūhō\u003c\/em\u003e, valued at 1 \u003cem\u003emon\u003c\/em\u003e, were minted by the Japanese during the early Edo Period (1603 - 1768 AD) after centuries of using Chinese coins for trade. They have been privately acquired and inspected for authenticity by the History Hoard team.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSee also: \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.historyhoard.com\/products\/japanese-100-mon-edo-period-1860s\"\u003eJapanese 100 Mon Coin - Edo Period\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0102\/1096\/7599\/files\/Product_Descriptions_Mobile_12_2048x2048.jpg?v=1596580626\" alt=\"Samurai\" width=\"2048x2048\" height=\"2048x2048\" style=\"margin-top: 20px; float: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eA woodcut of the \u003c\/em\u003e\u003cem\u003edaimyo Fukushima Masanori, a feudal lord of the early Edo Period.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch1 style=\"margin-top: 20px; text-align: left;\"\u003eThe Edo Period: Age of the \u003cem\u003edaimyo\u003c\/em\u003e\n\u003c\/h1\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003eWhen you think of feudal Japan, you're almost certainly thinking of the Edo period.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis was the age of the \u003cem\u003esamurai\u003c\/em\u003e and the \u003cem\u003edaimyo\u003c\/em\u003e, a coalition of wealthy landowners that effectively ruled Japan.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003c\/em\u003eBut more than that, the Edo period is known for something else: \u003cem\u003eisolation.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOutside trade was heavily regulated, traveling abroad was completely banned, and foreign books were made illegal.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eYet despite all, Japan's economy and culture \u003cem\u003eflourished\u003c\/em\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eJapanese isolation finally ended in 1853, when American Commodore Matthew Perry forced open the doors of Japanese trade. The introduction of new goods was disastrous for the Japanese economy, and the Edo period ended with the Meiji Resoration in 1868.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThese\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ci\u003eKan'ei Tsūhō\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/i\u003e\u003cspan\u003e1 \u003cem\u003emon\u003c\/em\u003e coins are some of the few surviving reminders of this period, minted at the height of the \u003cem\u003esamurai\u003c\/em\u003e and the \u003cem\u003edaimyo's\u003c\/em\u003e power.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0102\/1096\/7599\/files\/Edo_Panorama_old_Tokyo_color_photochrom-mobile_5c0943ea-0a9d-416b-86f8-e9d5429a44fb_2048x2048.jpg?v=1596584794\" width=\"2048x2048\" height=\"2048x2048\" style=\"margin-top: 20px; float: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePanorama of Edo (now Tokyo), circa 1855 (colorized).\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"History Hoard","offers":[{"title":"Include display case (+$0.00)","offer_id":32888040783919,"sku":"EE-JP-1MON-COPR","price":19.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"No display - just the coin, certificate, and info card (save $15.00 each)","offer_id":51553829093660,"sku":"EE-JP-1MON-COPR-NO","price":4.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0102\/1096\/7599\/products\/1mon_9503ae39-aa47-4273-84ec-594f504b9f98.jpg?v=1743105362"},{"product_id":"japanese-100-mon-edo-period-1860s","title":"Japan, Tenpo Tsuho (100 Mon Coin) - 1830's - Edo Period","description":"\u003cp\u003eThese\u003cem\u003e \u003c\/em\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003c\/em\u003eunusually shaped \u003cem\u003eTenpō Tsūhō\u003c\/em\u003e, valued at 100 \u003cem\u003emon\u003c\/em\u003e, were minted by the Japanese during the late Edo Period (1835 -1870 AD). They have been privately acquired and inspected for authenticity by the History Hoard team.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSee also: \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.historyhoard.com\/products\/japanese-1-mon-edo-period-1700s\"\u003eJapanese 1 Mon Coin - Edo Period\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e-----  -----  -----\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"d\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0102\/1096\/7599\/files\/Product_Descriptions_Wide_11_2048x2048.jpg?v=1596580617\" width=\"2048x2048\" height=\"2048x2048\" style=\"margin-top: 40px; float: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"m\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0102\/1096\/7599\/files\/Product_Descriptions_Mobile_12_2048x2048.jpg?v=1596580626\" alt=\"Samurai\" width=\"2048x2048\" height=\"2048x2048\" style=\"margin-top: 20px; float: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eA woodcut of the \u003c\/em\u003e\u003cem\u003edaimyo Fukushima Masanori, a feudal lord of the early Edo Period.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch1 style=\"margin-top: 20px; text-align: left;\"\u003eThe Edo Period: Age of the \u003cem\u003edaimyo\u003c\/em\u003e\n\u003c\/h1\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003eWhen you think of feudal Japan, you're almost certainly thinking of the Edo period.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis was the age of the \u003cem\u003esamurai\u003c\/em\u003e and the \u003cem\u003edaimyo\u003c\/em\u003e, a coalition of wealthy landowners that effectively ruled Japan.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003c\/em\u003eBut more than that, the Edo period is known for something else: \u003cem\u003eisolation.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOutside trade was heavily regulated, traveling abroad was completely banned, and foreign books were made illegal.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eYet despite all, Japan's economy and culture \u003cem\u003eflourished\u003c\/em\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eJapanese isolation finally ended in 1853, when American Commodore Matthew Perry forced open the doors of Japanese trade. The introduction of new goods was disastrous for the Japanese economy, and the Edo period ended with the Meiji Resoration in 1868.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThese\u003cspan\u003e \u003cem\u003eTenpō Tsūhō\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003ci\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/i\u003e\u003cspan\u003e100 \u003cem\u003emon\u003c\/em\u003e coins are some of the few surviving reminders of this period. They were minted starting in 1835 for 35 years, until the start of the Meiji Restoration.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"d\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0102\/1096\/7599\/files\/Edo_Panorama_old_Tokyo_color_photochrom_2048x2048.jpg?v=1596583929\" style=\"margin-top: 40px; float: none;\" width=\"2048x2048\" height=\"2048x2048\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"m\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0102\/1096\/7599\/files\/Edo_Panorama_old_Tokyo_color_photochrom-mobile_5c0943ea-0a9d-416b-86f8-e9d5429a44fb_2048x2048.jpg?v=1596584794\" width=\"2048x2048\" height=\"2048x2048\" style=\"margin-top: 20px; float: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePanorama of Edo (now Tokyo), circa 1855 (colorized).\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"History Hoard","offers":[{"title":"Include display case (+$0.00)","offer_id":32906806493231,"sku":"EE-JP-100MON","price":34.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"No display - just the coin and certificate\/info card (save $15.00 each)","offer_id":51553828864284,"sku":"EE-JP-100MON-NO","price":19.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0102\/1096\/7599\/products\/100mon_4abab58f-3c1a-4f56-baef-63b54068824b.jpg?v=1743105360"},{"product_id":"kingdom-of-hungary-silver-denar-1131-ad","title":"Hungary, Bela II Silver Denar - 1131 AD - Kingdom of Hungary","description":"\u003cp\u003eThis is a hammered silver \u003cem\u003edenar\u003c\/em\u003e from the medieval Kingdom of Hungary, dated within the rule of Béla II (also known as \u003cstrong\u003eBéla the Blind, 1131 - 1142 AD\u003c\/strong\u003e). The denars have been acquired by History Hoard from private collections and thoroughly inspected for authenticity.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e-----  -----  -----\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"d\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0102\/1096\/7599\/files\/Product_Descriptions_Wide_15_2048x2048.png?v=1597697722\" alt=\"Bela the Blind\" width=\"2048x2048\" height=\"2048x2048\" style=\"margin-top: 40px; float: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"m\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0102\/1096\/7599\/files\/Bela_II__Chronicon_Pictum_114_2048x2048.jpg?v=1597697130\" alt=\"Bela the Blind\" width=\"2048x2048\" height=\"2048x2048\" style=\"margin-top: 20px; float: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003ci\u003e\u003cspan\u003eBéla II of Hungary\u003c\/span\u003e.\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch1 style=\"margin-top: 20px;\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eBéla the Blind: A king raised in \u003c\/strong\u003eexile\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/h1\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBéla's childhood was anything but ideal.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBoth him and his father were blinded when \u003cspan\u003eBéla was only an infant, after his father attempted to steal the Hungarian throne from his brother, King Coloman.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eBéla was believed to be dead, though he escaped to live in exile at a monastery with his father. In 1127, whispers of his survival began reaching the Hungarian royal court.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eBut by then, Hungary had a new king: Stephen II. And in a stroke of luck for Béla, Stephen failed to secure an heir.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eWith no other choice, Stephen declared Béla as heir to the Hungarian throne to continue the royal bloodline. Against all odds, the sickly and presumed dead child was crowned King of Hungary and Croatia in 1131.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eThese silver denars were minted under Béla the Blind, and bear the iconic cross found on many coins of medieval Europe.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"d\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0102\/1096\/7599\/files\/Product_Descriptions_Wide_16_9b5c4cf5-76e1-45e1-a910-779519d0d677_2048x2048.png?v=1597698156\" alt=\"Medieval Hungary\" width=\"2048x2048\" height=\"2048x2048\" style=\"margin-top: 40px; float: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"m\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0102\/1096\/7599\/files\/MK2596_2048x2048.jpg?v=1597698183\" alt=\"Medieval Hungary\" width=\"2048x2048\" height=\"2048x2048\" style=\"margin-top: 20px; float: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\n\u003cem\u003eThe Hungarian city of Budapest as it looked in the late Middle Ages.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"History Hoard","offers":[{"title":"Include display case (+$0.00)","offer_id":32906806558767,"sku":"MR-HNG-BELA2","price":49.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"No display - just the coin and certificate\/info card (save $15.00 each)","offer_id":51553828798748,"sku":"MR-HNG-BELA2-NO","price":34.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0102\/1096\/7599\/products\/HungaryDenar.jpg?v=1743105357"},{"product_id":"admiral-gardner-shipwreck-1808","title":"Admiral Gardner Shipwreck - 1809 - British EIC","description":"\u003cp\u003eThese coins are original \"10 cash\" coppers recovered from the wreck of the British East India Company's \u003cem\u003eAdmiral Gardner\u003c\/em\u003e, and have spent over 200 years on the ocean floor. The ship was bound for India when it sank in 1809, and wasn't rediscovered until 1984.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOn a dark and stormy day in early 1809, the \u003cem\u003eAdmiral Gardner\u003c\/em\u003e navigated the rough waters of the English Channel. Its intended destinations were Madras and Bengal, overseas holdings of the \u003cem\u003e\u003c\/em\u003eBritish East India Company (EIC). It was to deliver thousands of newly-minted copper coins, among other cargo.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, fate intervened\u003cspan\u003e—the ship was torn apart in a massive storm and claimed by the murky depths of the sea. \u003c\/span\u003eThe EIC valued the lost cargo at £21,579, a hefty sum for the time. But it would not be the only loss of the day. Two other company ships were also sunk during the same storm: the \u003cem\u003eApollo\u003c\/em\u003e and the \u003cem\u003eBritania\u003c\/em\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eFortunately for the \u003cem\u003eAdmiral Gardner, \u003c\/em\u003esailors on a nearby vessel were able to rescue nearly every crew member. Only three to five were said to have perished. \u003c\/span\u003eThe\u003cem\u003e \u003c\/em\u003esunken ship sat undisturbed until 1984, when it's cargo was finally recovered. \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"History Hoard","offers":[{"title":"History Hoard Certificate (glass top leatherette display) \/ Include display case (+$0.00)","offer_id":32906749902895,"sku":"EE-ADGARD-HH","price":69.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"NGC® Certification (tamper-proof plastic holder) \/ Include display case (+$0.00)","offer_id":32906750820399,"sku":"EE-ADGARD-NGC","price":69.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"History Hoard Certificate (glass top leatherette display) \/ No display, excludes NGC coins - just the coin, certificate, and info card (save $10.00 each)","offer_id":32906749935663,"sku":"EE-ADGARD-HH-NO","price":54.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0102\/1096\/7599\/products\/ALLSMALLITEMS.jpg?v=1743105356"},{"product_id":"ancient-greek-silver-drachm-400-bc","title":"Greek Silver Drachm, Illyria - c. 229 to 100 BCE - Ancient Greek World","description":"\u003cp\u003eThis silver drachm was minted in Illyria, a region in the western Balkans that was heavily settled by the ancient Greeks. A drachm was both a weight and a type of silver coin under the drachma system of measurement, being approximately 3.8 grams in size. Greek coins under this system ranged in size from the tiny 0.9 gram hemitetartemorion to the hefty 43 gram dekadrachm.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis coin originates from Apollonia or Dyrrhachium, both in modern day Albania. These cities were natural trading hubs, with their harbors located along routes of commerce. While Apollonia was eventually abandoned in the late Roman era due to earthquakes causing its harbor to silt up, Dyrrhachium continues to thrive to this day, though it is now known as Durrës.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe coin features a cow with her calf on the obverse, with the name of the magistrate written above, and a \u003cspan data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003edouble stellate pattern on the reverse.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"History Hoard","offers":[{"title":"Include display case (+$0.00)","offer_id":32621395705903,"sku":"AC-GR-ILLY-DM","price":114.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"No display - just the coin and certificate\/info card (save $15.00 each)","offer_id":51553828700444,"sku":"AC-GR-ILLY-DM-NO","price":99.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0102\/1096\/7599\/files\/Illyriadrachm.png?v=1743105353"},{"product_id":"celtic-bronze-ring-800-bc","title":"Celtic Bronze Ring - 800 BC - Danubian Region","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e These Celtic rings were made from formed bronze over \u003cstrong\u003e2,000 years ago,\u003c\/strong\u003e by Indo-European peoples known as the \u003cstrong\u003eCelts\u003c\/strong\u003e. Though the Celts shared similar languages and cultures, the term actually refers to many separate tribes that once occupied Western Europe between the \u003cstrong\u003eBritish Isles\u003c\/strong\u003e and the \u003cstrong\u003eDanube River\u003c\/strong\u003e region. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe purpose of these rings in ancient times is disputed. They were almost certainly used as saddle or garment fittings, but it's highly likely that they were a form of \u003cstrong\u003eproto-money\u003c\/strong\u003e as well. The rings seem to follow standard sizes, and have been found in large hoards similar to coins.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOur Celtic rings have been dated between \u003cstrong\u003e800 to 50 BC, \u003c\/strong\u003eand measure approximately \u003cstrong\u003e0.75 to 1 inch in diameter\u003c\/strong\u003e. Each has been thoroughly inspected for authenticity and has had minimal cleaning performed. As these are ancient items that were not produced to jewelry standards, \u003cstrong\u003ewearing these rings as jewelry is not recommended.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"m\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cimg style=\"margin-top: 40px; float: none;\" height=\"2048x2048\" width=\"2048x2048\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0102\/1096\/7599\/files\/Geschichte_des_Kostums__1905___14597696020_2048x2048.jpg?v=1600719743\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"d\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cimg style=\"margin-top: 20px; float: none;\" height=\"1024x1024\" width=\"1024x1024\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0102\/1096\/7599\/files\/Geschichte_des_Kostums__1905___14597696020_1024x1024.jpg?v=1600719743\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003ci\u003eA modern depiction of Scottish highlanders, a group with Celtic origins.\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"History Hoard","offers":[{"title":"Include display case (+$0.00) \/ Small (0.5\" to 0.7\")","offer_id":32906790731823,"sku":"AC-CELT-RING-S","price":39.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Include display case (+$0.00) \/ Medium (0.7\" to 1.0\")","offer_id":40225932214319,"sku":"AC-CELT-RING-M","price":43.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"No display - just the coin and certificate\/info card (save $15.00 each) \/ Small (0.5\" to 0.7\")","offer_id":51553828602140,"sku":"AC-CELT-RING-S-NO","price":24.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"No display - just the coin and certificate\/info card (save $15.00 each) \/ Medium (0.7\" to 1.0\")","offer_id":51553828634908,"sku":"AC-CELT-RING-M-NO","price":28.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0102\/1096\/7599\/products\/CelticRing.jpg?v=1743105350"},{"product_id":"ottoman-empire-silver-akce-1400s","title":"Ottoman Empire, Silver Akce - 1400's - Middle East \u0026 Europe","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e These silver \u003cem\u003eakçe\u003c\/em\u003e \u003cem\u003e\u003c\/em\u003edate back to various sultans of the \u003cstrong\u003e15th century\u003c\/strong\u003e, when the Ottoman Empire was still a relatively new state. Arabic script is featured prominently on both sides of the coin, showing \u003cstrong\u003efamily names, titles, dates, and declarations of faith.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Ottoman Empire was founded in 1299 AD near the Byzantine capital of Constantinople. It saw the height of its power in the 17th century AD, with its influence covering parts of Europe, Africa, and the Middle East. The empire was one of the longest lived in history\u003cspan data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e—\u003c\/span\u003ethough it was founded in the Middle Ages, it endured into the 20th century and even fought in World War I.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEach of these coins has been thoroughly inspected for authenticity by an \u003cstrong\u003eANA Certified\u003c\/strong\u003e numismatist.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: center;\" class=\"m\"\u003e\u003cimg alt=\"Battle of Chaldiran\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0102\/1096\/7599\/files\/batle_of_chaldiran_2048x2048.jpg?v=1601583455\" width=\"2048x2048\" height=\"2048x2048\" style=\"margin-top: 20px; float: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: center;\" class=\"d\"\u003e\u003cimg alt=\"Battle of Chaldiran\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0102\/1096\/7599\/files\/batle_of_chaldiran_desktop_2048x2048.jpg?v=1601583486\" width=\"2048x2048\" height=\"2048x2048\" style=\"margin-top: 40px; float: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003ci\u003eThe \u003cstrong\u003eBattle of Chaldiran\u003c\/strong\u003e (1514) was an instrumental moment in the Ottoman conquest of the Middle East from the Persians.\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"History Hoard","offers":[{"title":"Include display case (+$0.00)","offer_id":32906812686383,"sku":"EE-OTTO-AKCE","price":24.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"No display - just the coin and certificate\/info card (save $15.00 each)","offer_id":51553828536604,"sku":"EE-OTTO-AKCE-NO","price":9.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0102\/1096\/7599\/products\/OttomanAkce.jpg?v=1743105348"},{"product_id":"catherine-the-great-russia-1767","title":"Catherine the Great - 1767 to 1796 - Russian Empire","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e These copper coins produced under the mighty \u003cstrong\u003eCatherine the Great (Catherine II)\u003c\/strong\u003e of Russia are easily one of the largest copper coins that ever saw regular use\u003cspan data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e—at a massive ~51 grams, they're almost \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003etwice\u003c\/strong\u003e as heavy as a US silver dollar.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTo this day, Catherine II remains Russia's \u003cstrong\u003elongest ruling female leader\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e—despite the fact that she wasn't actually Russian and her name wasn't really Catherine. Born Sophie von Anhalt-Zerbst to an impoverished Prussian prince, she charmed her way into the royal family and married the future Russian emperor \u003cstrong\u003ePeter III\u003c\/strong\u003e at the age of just 16.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eBut Peter and Catherine's marriage was not a happy one. After Peter took the throne, Catherine almost immediately began planning his overthrow. Peter ended up abdicating just six months into his reign, and just like that Catherine was now Empress of Russia.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eBy most accounts, the \u003cstrong\u003eCatherinian Era\u003c\/strong\u003e is considered the \u003cstrong\u003eGolden Age of Russia.\u003c\/strong\u003e Catherine supported the ideas of the Enlightenment, and was a devoted patron of the arts. She also lead the modernization of Russia and helped found the country's first higher education institution for women.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThese beautiful \u003cstrong\u003e5 kopeks \u003c\/strong\u003ecoins are an iconic piece of Catherine's rule. They depict the \u003cstrong\u003edate and empress' initials\u003c\/strong\u003e on the obverse (\u003cspan data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\"E\" and \"T\", for Ekaterina Tsarina), and a \u003cstrong\u003eRomanov double-headed eagle surrounding St. George slaying a dragon\u003c\/strong\u003e on the reverse. Each has been thoroughly inspected for authenticity and is guaranteed genuine.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"m\" style=\"text-align: center;\" data-mce-style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cimg alt=\"An oil painting of Catherine the Great (1780's)\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0102\/1096\/7599\/files\/Catherine_II_by_Levitskiy_after_Roslin__1780s__Hillwood_museum_2048x2048.jpg?v=1602286286\" width=\"2048x2048\" height=\"2048x2048\" style=\"margin-top: 20px; float: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"d\" style=\"text-align: center;\" data-mce-style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cimg alt=\"An oil painting of Catherine the Great (1780's)\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0102\/1096\/7599\/files\/Catherine_II_2048x2048.jpg?v=1602286323\" width=\"2048x2048\" height=\"2048x2048\" style=\"margin-top: 40px; float: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center;\" data-mce-style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eAn oil painting of Catherine the Great (1780's)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"History Hoard","offers":[{"title":"Include display case (+$0.00)","offer_id":32906790535215,"sku":"EE-RUS-CATH","price":54.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"No display - just the coin and certificate\/info card (save $15.00 each)","offer_id":51553828405532,"sku":"EE-RUS-CATH-NO","price":39.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0102\/1096\/7599\/products\/CatherinetheGreat.jpg?v=1743105346"},{"product_id":"india-gandhara-kingdom-185-bc","title":"India, Gandhara Kingdom - 185 BC - Pakistan","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e These coins were produced by the \u003cstrong\u003eGandhara Kingdom\u003c\/strong\u003e, an ancient state in northwest India that played a major role as a center for early Buddhist teachings. They are \u003cstrong\u003elocal civic coinage \u003c\/strong\u003eissued by the city of \u003cstrong\u003ePushkalavati\u003c\/strong\u003e, featuring a brilliantly struck \u003cstrong\u003etiger\u003c\/strong\u003e on the obverse and \u003cstrong\u003eelephant\u003c\/strong\u003e on the reverse.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe region was also known for having a strong Greek influence due to its conquest by \u003cstrong\u003eAlexander the Great\u003c\/strong\u003e around \u003cstrong\u003e325 BC\u003c\/strong\u003e. Though the coin's weight and square shape are typical of ancient Indian coinage, the design carries a distinct Greco-Indian style. \u003cstrong\u003ePushkalavati \u003c\/strong\u003estruck these coins around \u003cstrong\u003e185 to 165 BC\u003c\/strong\u003e, in order to assert its independence from the rapidly expanding \u003cspan data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eGraeco-Bactrian kingdoms nearby.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eThese copper coins measure about \u003cstrong\u003e0.8 inches (20mm)\u003c\/strong\u003e in width, and their denomination is \u003cstrong data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e1 1\/2 Karshapana\u003c\/strong\u003e. They were obtained from an \u003cstrong\u003eANA Certified\u003c\/strong\u003e numismatist, and a Certificate of Authenticity is included with all of our items.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca id=\"faq-btn\"\u003e\u003c\/a\u003eFrequently Asked Questions\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: center;\" class=\"m\"\u003e\u003cimg style=\"margin-top: 20px; float: none;\" height=\"2048x2048\" width=\"2048x2048\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0102\/1096\/7599\/files\/800px-Gandhara__testa_di_buddha__I-III_sec_2048x2048.jpg?v=1602881492\" alt=\"Gandhara Buddha\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: center;\" class=\"d\"\u003e\u003cimg style=\"margin-top: 40px; float: none;\" height=\"480x480\" width=\"480x480\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0102\/1096\/7599\/files\/800px-Gandhara__testa_di_buddha__I-III_sec_480x480.jpg?v=1602881492\" alt=\"Gandhara Buddha\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003ci\u003eThis Greco-Indian Buddha is a prime example of Gandhara art (\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Gandhara,_testa_di_buddha,_I-III_sec.JPG\"\u003evia Wikimedia\u003c\/a\u003e)\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"History Hoard","offers":[{"title":"Include display case (+$0.00)","offer_id":32906812194863,"sku":"AC-IND-GAND","price":64.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"No display - just the coin and certificate\/info card (save $15.00 each)","offer_id":51553828339996,"sku":"AC-IND-GAND-NO","price":49.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0102\/1096\/7599\/products\/AncientIndia.jpg?v=1743105343"},{"product_id":"byzantine-trachy-christ-virgin-mary","title":"Byzantine Trachy, Christ \u0026 Mary - 1200 AD - East Europe","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e Sporting a curious cup shape, nobody knows for sure why the \u003cstrong\u003eByzantine Empire \u003c\/strong\u003estruck these coins curved instead of flat. It was no easy task either\u003cspan data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e—in an era before precision tools, painstaking care was required. Theories have included making them easier to stack or harder to counterfeit, but the leading answer is that it made the thin coins harder to bend.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eThe Byzantine Empire (also known as the \u003cstrong\u003eEastern Roman Empire\u003c\/strong\u003e) was a continuation of the ancient \u003cstrong\u003eRoman Empire\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003cstrong\u003e \u003c\/strong\u003eIt technically formed in \u003cstrong\u003e395 AD\u003c\/strong\u003e when the empire split into East and West, though Romans at the time hardly made that distinction. While the Western Empire would fall in the late \u003cstrong\u003e400's AD\u003c\/strong\u003e, Byzantine rule lasted well into the \u003cstrong\u003eMiddle Ages\u003c\/strong\u003e until \u003cstrong\u003e1453\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eThese coins are a product of a deeply religious society—each features imagery of \u003cstrong\u003eJesus Christ\u003c\/strong\u003e and\/or the \u003cstrong\u003eVirgin Mary\u003c\/strong\u003e on the obverse\u003cstrong\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e, and one of about a dozen \u003cstrong\u003e13th century emperors\u003c\/strong\u003e is shown on the reverse. Each coin measures around \u003cstrong\u003e0.6 to 0.7 inches\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cstrong\u003e(1\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e5 to 18 mm)\u003c\/strong\u003e in diameter, and is made of a copper-silver alloy known as \u003cem\u003ebillon\u003c\/em\u003e. They have been inspected by an \u003cstrong\u003eANA Certified\u003c\/strong\u003e numismatist and are guaranteed authentic.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"m\" style=\"text-align: center;\" data-mce-style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cimg alt=\"Emperor Justinian I\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0102\/1096\/7599\/files\/The_mosaic_of_Emperor_Justinian_and_his_retinue_2048x2048.jpg?v=1603229418\" width=\"2048x2048\" height=\"2048x2048\" style=\"margin-top: 20px; float: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"d\" style=\"text-align: center;\" data-mce-style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cimg alt=\"Emperor Justinian I\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0102\/1096\/7599\/files\/The_mosaic_of_Emperor_Justinian_and_his_retinue_2048x2048.jpg?v=1603229418\" width=\"2048x2048\" height=\"2048x2048\" style=\"margin-top: 40px; float: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center;\" data-mce-style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003ci\u003eA mosaic of Justinian I, one of the early Byzantine emperors (\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:The_mosaic_of_Emperor_Justinian_and_his_retinue.jpg\"\u003evia Wikimedia\u003c\/a\u003e)\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"History Hoard","offers":[{"title":"Include display case (+$0.00)","offer_id":32906790371375,"sku":"MR-BYZ-CUP","price":39.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"No display - just the coin and certificate\/info card (save $15.00 each)","offer_id":51553828274460,"sku":"MR-BYZ-CUP-NO","price":24.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0102\/1096\/7599\/products\/ByzantineTrachy.jpg?v=1743105341"},{"product_id":"china-han-dynasty-141-bc","title":"China, Han Dynasty - 118 BC - Ancient China","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e Though these bronze \u003cem\u003eWu Zhu\u003c\/em\u003e coins were first cast by China's \u003cstrong\u003eHan Dynasty\u003c\/strong\u003e in \u003cstrong\u003e118 BC\u003c\/strong\u003e, almost the same design was used until the start of the Tang Dynasty in 618 AD over \u003cstrong\u003e736 years later\u003c\/strong\u003e—making them the \u003cstrong\u003elongest produced coin design \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003ein history\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe coins were based on the \"zhu\" system of measurement, whereas one zhu was equal to 100 grains of millet. \"Wu Zhu\" literally translates to \"five zhu,\" although in reality their weight often varied. This is also what the characters on the front of the coin translate to, written in the ancient writing style of \u003cstrong\u003eseal script\u003c\/strong\u003e. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe period in which these coins are from, the Han Dynasty, is considered to be the \u003cstrong\u003egolden age of ancient Chinese history\u003c\/strong\u003e. Lasting over 400 years, the dynasty laid the groundwork for much of Chinese culture\u003cspan data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e—even today, China's largest ethnic group refers to themselves as \u003cstrong\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\"Han Chinese.\" \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOur Wu Zhu coins come from the collection of a Mr. Fishman, a prominent numismatist in the field of ancient Asian currency who has written a book specifically about Han Dynasty coins. They have been cleaned in a tumbler to remove encrustations and coated with a protective wax to preserve their original finish. These coins are guaranteed authentic, and come with a signed \u003cstrong\u003eCertificate of Authenticity\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: center;\" class=\"m\" data-mce-style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cimg alt=\"Wu Zhu mold\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0102\/1096\/7599\/files\/1024px-Coin_Mould_in_Shanghai_Museum_03_2014-07_2048x2048.jpg?v=1604013884\" width=\"2048x2048\" height=\"2048x2048\" style=\"margin-top: 20px; float: none;\" data-mce-style=\"margin-top: 20px; float: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: center;\" class=\"d\" data-mce-style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cimg alt=\"Wu Zhu mold\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0102\/1096\/7599\/files\/1024px-Coin_Mould_in_Shanghai_Museum_03_2014-07_2048x2048.jpg?v=1604013884\" width=\"2048x2048\" height=\"2048x2048\" style=\"margin-top: 40px; float: none;\" data-mce-style=\"margin-top: 40px; float: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center;\" data-mce-style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003ci\u003eA typical clay mold that was used to cast Wu Zhu coins, with metal being poured down into the central \"tree.\" (via \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Coin_Mould_in_Shanghai_Museum_03_2014-07.JPG\"\u003eWikimedia\u003c\/a\u003e)\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"History Hoard","offers":[{"title":"Include display case (+$0.00)","offer_id":32906790797359,"sku":"AC-CHINA-HAN","price":24.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"No display - just the coin and certificate\/info card (save $15.00 each)","offer_id":51553828143388,"sku":"AC-CHINA-HAN-NO","price":9.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0102\/1096\/7599\/products\/HanDynasty.jpg?v=1743105339"},{"product_id":"world-war-ii-collection","title":"World War II Collection - 1940's - 6 Coins","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e This collection is a \u003cstrong\u003ecomplete World War II display piece,\u003c\/strong\u003e bringing together coins from every major power in the Allied \u003cstrong\u003eFour Powers\u003c\/strong\u003e and the Axis \u003cstrong\u003eTripartite Pact\u003c\/strong\u003e. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNo matter the country, World War II coins were made with one goal in mind: \u003cstrong\u003elow c\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eosts\u003c\/strong\u003e. Typical coin metals like copper and silver were thrown out in favor of cheaper ones like \u003cb\u003esteel, aluminum, or zinc\u003c\/b\u003e. The war even drove the United States mint to produce the \u003cstrong\u003e\"steel war penny\"\u003c\/strong\u003e in 1943, because copper had to be conserved for making bullets. Some nations like Japan even resorted to \u003cstrong\u003eplastic or porcelain\u003c\/strong\u003e coins, which are quite rare today.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAll of these coins are unique to the World War II era, and bear the scars of the time. Though how we remember history's greatest conflict may be up for debate, one thing is for certain—we shall never forget it.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEach collection comes with a \u003cstrong\u003eCertificate of Authenticity,\u003c\/strong\u003e as well as \u003cstrong\u003einfo cards \u003c\/strong\u003efor each coin.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: center;\" class=\"m\" data-mce-style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cimg style=\"margin-top: 20px; float: none;\" height=\"2048x2048\" width=\"2048x2048\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0102\/1096\/7599\/files\/1920px-Teheran_conference-1943_2048x2048.jpg?v=1604448677\" alt=\"Stalin, FDR, and Churchill\" data-mce-style=\"margin-top: 20px; float: none;\" data-mce-src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0102\/1096\/7599\/files\/1920px-Teheran_conference-1943_2048x2048.jpg?v=1604448677\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: center;\" class=\"d\" data-mce-style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cimg style=\"margin-top: 20px; float: none;\" height=\"1024x1024\" width=\"1024x1024\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0102\/1096\/7599\/files\/1920px-Teheran_conference-1943_600x600.jpg?v=1604448677\" alt=\"Stalin, FDR, and Churchill\" data-mce-style=\"margin-top: 20px; float: none;\" data-mce-src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0102\/1096\/7599\/files\/1920px-Teheran_conference-1943_600x600.jpg?v=1604448677\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center;\" data-mce-style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003ci\u003eThe Allied leaders of the European theatre: Joseph Stalin (Soviet Union), Franklin D. Roosevelt (US), and Winston Churchill (UK)\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"History Hoard","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":32780429525039,"sku":"COL-MD-WWII","price":69.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0102\/1096\/7599\/products\/20230217142541_IMG_1777_2_67f38271-18da-4d5b-b632-aa00930f702e.png?v=1743105337"},{"product_id":"crusades-duchy-of-athens-1294","title":"Crusades, Duchy of Athens - 1294 - Greece","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e These coins were struck in the \u003cstrong\u003eDuchy of Athens\u003c\/strong\u003e, one of the Crusader states set up in modern day Greece after the \u003cstrong\u003eByzantine Empire\u003c\/strong\u003e was conquered during the \u003cstrong\u003eFourth Crusade\u003c\/strong\u003e. At the time these coins were struck, the Duchy was under the control of the powerful \u003cstrong\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003eFrankish \u003cstrong\u003ede la Roche\u003c\/strong\u003e family.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNumerous \u003cstrong\u003eCrusader states\u003c\/strong\u003e like these were established by Catholic forces along the eastern shore of the Mediterranean. The region remained under European control for hundreds of years, though most of it would be reclaimed in the 15th century. The Duchy of Athens itself was conquered by\u003cspan data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e the \u003cstrong\u003eOttoman Empire\u003c\/strong\u003e in 1456.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis \u003cem\u003e\u003cstrong\u003edenier\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003c\/em\u003ecoin was struck between \u003cstrong\u003e1294 and 1308 AD\u003c\/strong\u003e, towards the end of de la Roche rule in the Duchy. It is made from billon, a silver alloy, and was hammered from a very thin metal sheet in a way that is typical of medieval coins. Each comes with a \u003cstrong\u003eCertificate of Authenticity \u003c\/strong\u003eand is guaranteed genuine. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: center;\" class=\"m\" data-mce-style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cimg style=\"float: none;\" height=\"2048x2048\" width=\"2048x2048\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0102\/1096\/7599\/files\/ConquestOfConstantinopleByTheCrusadersIn1204_2048x2048.jpg?v=1604966223\" alt=\"Conquest of Constantinople during the Fourth Crusade\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: center;\" class=\"d\" data-mce-style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cimg alt=\"Conquest of Constantinople during the Fourth Crusade\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0102\/1096\/7599\/files\/ConquestOfConstantinopleByTheCrusadersIn1204D_2048x2048.jpg?v=1604966592\" width=\"2048x2048\" height=\"2048x2048\" style=\"float: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center;\" data-mce-style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eThe conquest of Constantinople, a crucial accomplishment of the Fourth Crusade.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"History Hoard","offers":[{"title":"Include display case (+$0.00)","offer_id":32906796531759,"sku":"MR-CRUS-DOA","price":44.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"No display - just the coin and certificate\/info card (save $15.00 each)","offer_id":51553828045084,"sku":"MR-CRUS-DOA-NO","price":29.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0102\/1096\/7599\/products\/Duchyofathens.jpg?v=1743105335"},{"product_id":"the-black-hand-wwi","title":"World War I, The Black Hand - 1914 - Serbia","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e The \u003cstrong\u003eBlack Hand (also known as Unification or Death) \u003c\/strong\u003ewas a Serbian secret society allegedly responsible for the\u003cb\u003e assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand\u003c\/b\u003e, commonly considered to be the spark that ignited the \u003cstrong\u003eFirst World War\u003c\/strong\u003e. The organization sought to break free from the \u003cstrong\u003eHapsburg \u003c\/strong\u003emonarchy and unite all the South Slavic states not already ruled by Serbia or Montenegro.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe assassination of the archduke, heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne, occurred on \u003cstrong\u003eJune 28th, 1914\u003c\/strong\u003e in \u003cstrong\u003eSarajevo\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003cstrong\u003e \u003c\/strong\u003eA cohort of six assassins, coordinated by a member of the \u003cstrong\u003eBlack Hand\u003c\/strong\u003e, attacked the archduke's motorcade in the street as he drove to meet the city's mayor. After a failed bombing attempt, the assassins successfully approached Franz's vehicle on his return journey—shooting both him and his wife at point blank range.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis coin is a \u003cstrong\u003esilver Serbian \u003cem\u003edinar\u003c\/em\u003e \u003c\/strong\u003ethat circulated during the\u003cstrong\u003e Great War\u003c\/strong\u003e following the archduke's assassination. It features a portrait of \u003cstrong\u003eKing Peter I\u003c\/strong\u003e, who ruled as King of Serbia from 1903 to 1918 and later ruled Yugoslavia after the war. Each coin comes with a \u003cstrong\u003eCertificate of Authenticity \u003c\/strong\u003eand is guaranteed genuine.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"m\" style=\"text-align: center;\" data-mce-style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cimg alt=\"World War I, chaos in the streets following the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0102\/1096\/7599\/files\/Gavrilo_Princip_captured_in_Sarajevo_1914_2048x2048.jpg?v=1605211481\" width=\"2048x2048\" height=\"2048x2048\" style=\"float: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"d\" style=\"text-align: center;\" data-mce-style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cimg alt=\"World War I, chaos in the streets following the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0102\/1096\/7599\/files\/Gavrilo_Princip_captured_in_Sarajevo_1914_2048x2048.jpg?v=1605211481\" width=\"2048x2048\" height=\"2048x2048\" style=\"float: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center;\" data-mce-style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eChaos in the streets of Sarajevo following the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife Sophie.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"History Hoard","offers":[{"title":"Include display case (+$0.00)","offer_id":32906818879535,"sku":"MD-WWI-BLKHD","price":44.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"No display - just the coin and certificate\/info card (save $15.00 each)","offer_id":51553827979548,"sku":"MD-WWI-BLKHD-NO","price":29.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0102\/1096\/7599\/products\/WorldWarIBlackHand.jpg?v=1743105333"},{"product_id":"queen-victoria-penny-1837","title":"Queen Victoria Penny - 1837 - United Kingdom","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eQueen Victoria\u003c\/strong\u003e was a monarch that defined the 19th century—so much so that the years of her reign became known as the \u003cstrong\u003eVictorian Age. \u003c\/strong\u003eThese pennies depict the queen throughout different stages of her life, with later strikes depicting an older veiled portrait. The different portrait types are visible on the \u003cstrong\u003ethird image\u003c\/strong\u003e above, and a random variant will be sent with each order.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Victorian Age was a prosperous dystopia. While an expanding middle class of British citizens thrived as technology and culture flourished, the lower classes toiled under the shadow of the \u003cstrong\u003eIndustrial Revolution\u003c\/strong\u003e. Cities saw rapid expansions and both political and social reform were on the rise, but the era was also plagued by regimented factory life and child labor. Overall, the age was a double edged sword of gleaming progress and destitute poverty.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThese copper pennies were struck between \u003cstrong\u003e1833 and 1901 (the years of Victoria's reign)\u003c\/strong\u003e. Each is guaranteed genuine and comes with a \u003cstrong\u003eCertificate of Authenticity\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"m\" style=\"text-align: center;\" data-mce-style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cimg style=\"float: none;\" height=\"2048x2048\" width=\"2048x2048\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0102\/1096\/7599\/files\/Queen_Victoria_2048x2048.jpg?v=1605567886\" alt=\"Queen Victoria, young and old\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"d\" style=\"text-align: center;\" data-mce-style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cimg style=\"float: none;\" height=\"2048x2048\" width=\"2048x2048\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0102\/1096\/7599\/files\/Queen_Victoria_2048x2048.jpg?v=1605567886\" alt=\"Queen Victoria, young and old\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center;\" data-mce-style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eVictoria as a princess in 1833 (13 years old), and again as queen in 1882 (69 years old).\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"History Hoard","offers":[{"title":"Include display case (+$0.00)","offer_id":32906816061487,"sku":"MD-ENG-VICT","price":24.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"No display - just the coin and certificate\/info card (save $15.00 each)","offer_id":51553827815708,"sku":"MD-ENG-VICT-NO","price":9.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0102\/1096\/7599\/products\/VictoriaPenny.jpg?v=1743105331"},{"product_id":"pirate-money-palembang-pitis-1700s","title":"Pirate Money, Palembang Pitis - 1700's - Southeast Asia","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e These tin \u003cem\u003epitis\u003c\/em\u003e coins were struck in \u003cstrong\u003ePalembang, \u003c\/strong\u003ea major port in 18th century Indonesia that was controlled by the \u003cstrong\u003eDutch East India Company (VOC)\u003c\/strong\u003e. Besides being a hub for the spice trade, the region was also notorious for something else\u003cspan data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e—\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003epirates.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe \u003cstrong\u003eStrait of Malacca\u003c\/strong\u003e has always had a strong association with piracy, a legacy that continues to this day. The area was an incredibly important shipping route, but pirates also had plenty of places to hide within its many coves and inlets.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePalembang was located along the east end of the strait, and was a standard stopping point for merchant ships. But during the Golden Age of Piracy, these ships would be routinely seized for their cargo of rare spices and money\u003cspan data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e—namely \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.historyhoard.com\/collections\/renaissance-and-exploration\/products\/silver-real-spanish-empire\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSpanish reales\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.historyhoard.com\/collections\/renaissance-and-exploration\/products\/dutch-east-india-co-coin\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eVOC duiten\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e, and these Palembang pitis coins.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eThese one-sided coins are made from \u003cstrong\u003ecast tin\u003c\/strong\u003e, and most bear the \u003cstrong\u003eMalay\u003c\/strong\u003e inscription \"the sultan of Palembang year [date].\" Each dates back to the\u003cstrong\u003e late 18th century\u003c\/strong\u003e, and comes with a \u003cstrong\u003eCertificate of Authenticity\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: center;\" class=\"m\" data-mce-style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cimg alt=\"A Dutch painting of the conquest of Palembang, 1857.\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0102\/1096\/7599\/files\/Louis_Meijer_-_De_overmeestering_van_Palembang_2048x2048.jpg?v=1606152719\" width=\"2048x2048\" height=\"2048x2048\" style=\"float: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: center;\" class=\"d\" data-mce-style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cimg alt=\"A Dutch painting of the conquest of Palembang, 1857.\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0102\/1096\/7599\/files\/Louis_Meijer_-_De_overmeestering_van_Palembang_2048x2048.jpg?v=1606152719\" width=\"2048x2048\" height=\"2048x2048\" style=\"float: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center;\" data-mce-style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003ci\u003eA Dutch painting of the conquest of Palembang, 1857.\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"History Hoard","offers":[{"title":"Include display case (+$0.00)","offer_id":32888040554543,"sku":"EE-PIR-PITIS","price":24.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"No display - just the coin, certificate, and info card (save $15.00 each)","offer_id":51553827684636,"sku":"EE-PIR-PITIS-NO","price":9.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0102\/1096\/7599\/files\/Pitis_in_box.png?v=1743105326"},{"product_id":"roman-emperor-nero-tetradrachm-54-ad","title":"Roman Egypt, Emperor Nero, Billon Tetradrachm - 54 AD - Roman Provinces","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003eFrom the stories of tyranny and debauchery to his unmistakable chin, \u003cstrong\u003eEmperor Nero\u003c\/strong\u003e is easily one of the most infamous leaders in Roman history.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHe certainly had a strong affinity to violence\u003cspan data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e—\u003c\/span\u003eNero attempted to murder his own mother several times before finally succeeding, and also killed at least one of his wives. His demise ended the \u003cstrong\u003eJudio-Claudian dynasty\u003c\/strong\u003e and left a legacy of chaos, leading to the disastrous \"Year of Four Emperors\" that left Rome without a clear ruler. However, the one thing Nero probably didn't do was play his fiddle as Rome burned down\u003cspan data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e—this is only a myth, alt\u003c\/span\u003ehough his reputation certainly makes it believable.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThese \u003cem\u003e\u003c\/em\u003etetradrachms were minted in \u003cstrong\u003eAlexandria, Egypt\u003c\/strong\u003e, and were made from a silver alloy called \u003cem\u003ebillon\u003c\/em\u003e. At the time, Alexandria was not a traditional part of the Roman Empire, but rather it was considered the emperor's personal possession. Even Roman senators were not allowed to visit the area without the express permission of the emperor, and coins minted within Egypt did not circulate outside the region.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe coins feature the \u003cstrong\u003eradiate bust of Nero\u003c\/strong\u003e on the obverse side. The reverse side of these coins vary, depicting\u003cstrong\u003e over 150 variants of royals, Egyptian deities, and other figures.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEach coin comes with a \u003cstrong\u003eCertificate of Authenticity\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"History Hoard","offers":[{"title":"Include display case (+$0.00)","offer_id":32906816159791,"sku":"AC-EGY-ROM-NERO","price":149.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"No display - just the coin and certificate\/info card (save $15.00 each)","offer_id":51553827455260,"sku":"AC-EGY-ROM-NERO-NO","price":134.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0102\/1096\/7599\/files\/Nero_Tets_new.jpg?v=1780687543"},{"product_id":"widows-mite-biblical-judea-103-bc","title":"Widow's Mite, Biblical Judea - 103 BC - Middle East","description":"\u003cp\u003eThese small bronze coins of ancient Judea were uniquely featured in one of the most famous texts of all time\u003cspan data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e—\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ethe Bible\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to the Bible, the\u003cstrong\u003e Parable of the Widow's Mite\u003c\/strong\u003e was a story of charity told by Jesus shortly before his crucifixion. It describes a scene witnessed by him as he preached in\u003cstrong\u003e the Temple of the City of David,\u003c\/strong\u003e where rich businessmen were donating many pieces of silver to the Temple's treasury. A poor widow then approached and deposited two small bronze \"mites,\" a gesture appreciated by Jesus as it represented her \"whole livelihood.\"\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe actual passage can be found in \u003cstrong\u003eMark 12:41-44\u003c\/strong\u003e, and is quoted below:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003e\"He sat down opposite the treasury and observed how the crowd put money into the treasury. Many rich people put in large sums. A poor widow also came and put in two small coins worth a few cents. Calling his disciples to himself, he said to them, 'Amen, I say to you, this poor widow put in more than all the other contributors to the treasury. For they have all contributed from their surplus wealth, but she, from her poverty, has contributed all she had, her whole livelihood.'\"\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe actual coins described by the Bible as \"widow's mites\" are thought to be \u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eleptons\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003c\/em\u003e, the smallest and lowest denomination coins used in Judea during the life of Jesus Christ. Most of these coins were crudely struck on small pieces of bronze, often with off center designs that show minimal imagery. Typically one side of each coin shows an \u003cstrong\u003eeight-pointed star, symbolizing Heaven\u003c\/strong\u003e, while the other shows an \u003cstrong\u003eanchor (a tradition adopted from the Seleucids)\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOur widow's mites are bronze leptons that date back to the \u003cstrong\u003e1st century BC\u003c\/strong\u003e, and likely would have circulated within the Holy Land during the lifetime of Jesus. They include a \u003cstrong\u003eCertificate of Authenticity.\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"m\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cimg style=\"float: none;\" height=\"2048x2048\" width=\"2048x2048\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0102\/1096\/7599\/files\/City_of_David__Wadi_Hilweh___Palestinian_village__Israeli_settlement__Archaeological_site___from_the_air_2048x2048.jpg?v=1610577156\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"d\" style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cimg style=\"float: none;\" height=\"2048x2048\" width=\"2048x2048\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0102\/1096\/7599\/files\/City_of_David__Wadi_Hilweh___Palestinian_village__Israeli_settlement__Archaeological_site___from_the_air_2048x2048.jpg?v=1610577156\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003ci\u003eA modern view of the \"City of David,\" the setting of the Parable of the Widow's Mite. Today it is the Palestinian village of Wadi Hilweh. (via \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:City_of_David,_Wadi_Hilweh_%E2%80%93_Palestinian_village,_Israeli_settlement,_Archaeological_site_%E2%80%93_from_the_air.jpg\"\u003eWikimedia\u003c\/a\u003e)\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"History Hoard","offers":[{"title":"Include display case (+$0.00)","offer_id":32908434047023,"sku":"AC-JUD-WMITE","price":49.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"No display - just the coin and certificate\/info card (save $15.00 each)","offer_id":51553827356956,"sku":"AC-JUD-WMITE-NO","price":34.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0102\/1096\/7599\/products\/WidowsMite.jpg?v=1743105317"},{"product_id":"world-war-ii-opa-ration-tokens-1942","title":"World War II OPA Ration Tokens - 1942 - United States","description":"\u003cp\u003eThese vulcanized fiber tokens were issued by the \u003cstrong\u003eOffice of Price Administration (OPA)\u003c\/strong\u003e, a United States government agency created during World War II in order to oversee the rationing of scarce goods and keep prices stable to curb inflation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRation tokens\u003c\/strong\u003e (and their companions,\u003cstrong\u003e ration stamps\u003c\/strong\u003e) had no cash value, but were required to purchase certain goods. For everyday items like sugar or beef, a customer would need the right amount of ration stamps in addition to cash in order to make their purchase\u003cspan data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e—the same was true for non-food goods like tires or gasoline. Each household was issued their own book of ration stamps to use, and these tokens were handed out as \"small change\" to split the value of a single stamp.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan class=\"JsGRdQ\"\u003eWhile all these tokens shared a similar design, they were issued two colors: red and blue. The different colors were valid for different products, but their functions were essentially the same.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEach token has been thoroughly inspected and includes a \u003cstrong\u003eCertificate of Authenticity\u003c\/strong\u003e. They measure 16mm in diameter.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"m\" style=\"text-align: center;\" data-mce-style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0102\/1096\/7599\/files\/How_to_Shop_With_Ration_Book_Two__-_OAC_-_bk0007t0n59_2048x2048.jpg?v=1611176589\" width=\"2048x2048\" height=\"2048x2048\" style=\"float: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"d\" style=\"text-align: center;\" data-mce-style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0102\/1096\/7599\/files\/How_to_Shop_With_Ration_Book_Two__-_OAC_-_bk0007t0n59_2048x2048.jpg?v=1611176589\" width=\"2048x2048\" height=\"2048x2048\" style=\"float: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center;\" data-mce-style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eInstructions issued by the OPA for purchasing goods with ration stamps.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"History Hoard","offers":[{"title":"Red OPA Token \/ Include display case (+$0.00)","offer_id":32920468455471,"sku":"MD-US-OPA-R","price":24.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Red OPA Token \/ No display - just the coin and certificate\/info card (save $10.00 each)","offer_id":32920468488239,"sku":"MD-US-OPA-R-NO","price":9.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Blue OPA Token \/ Include display case (+$0.00)","offer_id":32920468521007,"sku":"MD-US-OPA-B","price":24.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Blue OPA Token \/ No display - just the coin and certificate\/info card (save $10.00 each)","offer_id":32920468553775,"sku":"MD-US-OPA-B-NO","price":9.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Both Tokens (Red and Blue) (15% off) \/ Include display case (+$0.00)","offer_id":32920468586543,"sku":"MD-US-OPA-RB","price":38.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Both Tokens (Red and Blue) (15% off) \/ No display - just the coin and certificate\/info card (save $10.00 each)","offer_id":32920468619311,"sku":"MD-US-OPA-RB-NO","price":17.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0102\/1096\/7599\/products\/BlueToken.jpg?v=1743105315"},{"product_id":"roman-egypt-bronze-tetradrachm-225-ad","title":"Roman Egypt, Debased Silver Tetradrachm - c. 225 to 300 CE - Roman Empire","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eThese tetradrachms, issued under Roman rule, were struck at the city of \u003cstrong\u003eAlexandria \u003c\/strong\u003ein the Nile River delta\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e. Each coin was made from a mixture of bronze and a small amount of silver, a material known as billon. They show a unique blend of cultures as well: \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003ethe deities seen on the reverse are stylistically Egyptian, yet the portrait of the emperor on the obverse is unmistakably Roman.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSince ancient Egyptian culture was very distinct to that of the Greeks and Romans, it's easy to forget that Egypt wasn't actually ruled by Egyptians for the last thousand years of ancient history.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEgypt was first conquered by the Persian \u003cstrong\u003eAchaemenid Empire\u003c\/strong\u003e in the sixth century BC, who continued to rule for about 200 years. When \u003cstrong\u003eAlexander the Great \u003c\/strong\u003efamously conquered Egypt and established the Greek \u003cstrong\u003ePtolemaic Kingdom\u003c\/strong\u003e in 332 BC, it was actually already under foreign rule.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn 30 AD, Egypt changed hands yet again\u003cspan data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e—\u003c\/span\u003eafter a \u003cstrong\u003eRoman offensive in Alexandria\u003c\/strong\u003e and the suicide of the last Ptolemaic ruler \u003cstrong\u003eCleopatra\u003c\/strong\u003e, the region was absorbed into the Roman Empire as the\u003cstrong\u003e province of Egypt. \u003c\/strong\u003eRoman rule in the region would last until 641 AD, as Egypt was retained by the Byzantines even after the fall of the Western Roman Empire.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEach of these coins includes a \u003cstrong\u003eCertificate of Authenticity.\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"History Hoard","offers":[{"title":"Include display case (+$0.00)","offer_id":32930758426671,"sku":"AC-EGY-ROM-TR","price":74.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"No display - just the coin and certificate\/info card (save $15.00 each)","offer_id":51553825882396,"sku":"AC-EGY-ROM-TR-NO","price":59.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0102\/1096\/7599\/files\/new_egypt_tets_in_box.jpg?v=1743105313"},{"product_id":"alexander-the-great-silver-336-bc","title":"Alexander The Great Drachm (High Grade) - 336 to 167 BCE - Macedon\/Greece","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003eThese Macedonian silver drachms were minted in the name of Alexander III, better known as \u003cstrong\u003eAlexander the Great\u003c\/strong\u003e. The coins depict Alexander as the Greek hero \u003cstrong\u003eHerakles\u003c\/strong\u003e, with a lion skin draped over his head, as well as a seated \u003cstrong\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003eimage of the god \u003cstrong\u003eZeus\u003c\/strong\u003e on the reverse side.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDue to his popularity as a ruler, silver coins like this continued to be issued in Alexander's name for \u003cstrong\u003eup to two centuries after his death\u003c\/strong\u003e. Though some of these coins can be definitively identified as lifetime or posthumous issues based on subtle details, such as the placement of Zeus' legs or the presence of certain small symbols, this is not always an exact science.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAlexander's military prowess firmly cemented him into legend. At just sixteen, Alexander lead the Macedonian army to a swift win against a Thracian uprising. He not only drove them out, but colonized their territory with Greek settlers and renamed it Alexandropolis. \u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eOf course, this same boy would grow up to conquer Greece, Egypt, Persia, and everything in between. But Alexander had a dark side. He was known for being power hungry and tyrannical, often torturing and killing those who spoke against him. Nevertheless, Alexander was struck down suddenly from unknown causes at the age of just 32. Though his legacy is complicated as it is vast, few others have changed the world so much in such little time.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThese coins measure approximately \u003cstrong\u003e15 to 18 mm\u003c\/strong\u003e in diameter, and each comes with a \u003cstrong\u003eCertificate of Authenticity.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg style=\"margin-top: 20px; float: none;\" height=\"2048x2048\" width=\"2048x2048\" alt=\"Alexander the great mosaic\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0102\/1096\/7599\/files\/Product_Descriptions_Mobile_14_2048x2048.png?v=1598308262\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003ci\u003eAlexander depicted in a Roman mosaic over 200 years after his death.\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"History Hoard","offers":[{"title":"Include display case (+$0.00)","offer_id":39268401315887,"sku":"AC-ALEX-SL","price":274.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"No display - just the coin, certificate, and info card (save $15.00 each)","offer_id":51553825816860,"sku":"AC-ALEX-SL-NO","price":259.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0102\/1096\/7599\/products\/Alexsilverdrachmnew.jpg?v=1743105311"},{"product_id":"india-western-satraps-238-ad","title":"India, Western Satraps Drachm - 238 AD - Indo-Scythian","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e These silver drachms date to the rule of \u003cstrong data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eVijayasena (238 - 250 CE)\u003c\/strong\u003e, as revealed by the coins' inscriptions. They measure approximately \u003cstrong data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e15 mm\u003c\/strong\u003e in diameter, and each comes with a \u003cstrong data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eCertificate of Authenticity.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe \u003cstrong\u003eWestern Satraps\u003c\/strong\u003e were a group of Indo-Scythian (or \u003cstrong\u003eSaka\u003c\/strong\u003e) rulers that controlled western and central India between 35 and 405 CE. The coins they struck accurately reflect their\u003cstrong\u003e Indo-Greek\u003c\/strong\u003e culture, combining stylistically Greek portraits and lettering with Buddhist symbolism. The Saka rulers would eventually succumb to the rival \u003cstrong\u003eGupta Empire\u003c\/strong\u003e in the 4th century CE.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"History Hoard","offers":[{"title":"Include display case (+$0.00)","offer_id":39283496747055,"sku":"AC-IND-SATRAPS","price":49.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"No display - just the coin, certificate, and info card (save $15.00 each)","offer_id":51553825751324,"sku":"AC-IND-SATRAPS-NO","price":34.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0102\/1096\/7599\/products\/indiawsatraps.jpg?v=1743105308"},{"product_id":"mongols-ilkhanate-silver-1284-ad","title":"Mongols, Ilkhanate Silver Dirham - 1284 AD - Middle East","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e The \u003cstrong\u003eIlkhanate\u003c\/strong\u003e was formed from the fractured \u003cstrong\u003eMongol Empire\u003c\/strong\u003e in 1256, after internal conflict split the massive empire into four independent \u003cstrong\u003ekhanates\u003c\/strong\u003e. \u003cstrong\u003eHulagu Khan \u003c\/strong\u003e(grandson of the famed Genghis Khan) became the first leader of the area covering the Middle East, known as the Ilkhanate.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThese silver coins were struck under \u003cstrong\u003eArghun Khan (1284 - 1291)\u003c\/strong\u003e, the grandson of Hulagu and the great-great-grandson of Genghis. They notably use \u003cstrong\u003eArabic script\u003c\/strong\u003e, as the conquering Mongols usually continued minting coins in the same style and language as the local people.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eArghun Khan was a devout Buddhist, as the ruling class of the Ilkhanate had not yet converted to Islam at the time of his rule. Notably, Arghun attempted to create an alliance with Europe against the Muslim forces in the Holy Land, though was ultimately unsuccessful. He was also betrothed to \u003cstrong\u003eKököchin\u003c\/strong\u003e, a princess of the Mongol Yuan dynasty of China, who was reportedly escorted to the Ilkhanate by the famous explorer \u003cstrong\u003eMarco Polo\u003c\/strong\u003e. However, the marriage was not to be—Arghun died shortly before her arrival, after 8 months of ingesting a toxic alchemical concoction of sulfur and mercury in an attempt to prolong his life.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEach coin is guaranteed genuine and comes with a \u003cstrong\u003eCertificate of Authenticity\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"History Hoard","offers":[{"title":"Include display case (+$0.00)","offer_id":39304488714287,"sku":"MR-MNG-ILK-ARG","price":54.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"No display - just the coin and certificate\/info card (save $15.00 each)","offer_id":51553825685788,"sku":"MR-MNG-ILK-ARG-NO","price":39.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0102\/1096\/7599\/products\/IlkhanateArghun.jpg?v=1743105306"},{"product_id":"john-f-kennedy-campaign-pin","title":"John F. Kennedy Campaign Pin - 1960 - United States","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePlease choose a design from the dropdown menu above. Design availability may vary, so please refer to the photos to see our current stock!\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThese are original campaign pins in \u003cstrong\u003ewearable condition\u003c\/strong\u003e from \u003cstrong\u003eJohn F. Kennedy's\u003c\/strong\u003e first and only presidential run in 1960. He ultimately defeated his Republican rival \u003cstrong\u003eRichard Nixon\u003c\/strong\u003e with a slim majority, in part due to his smooth and charismatic demeanor during the nation's first televised presidential debates. Each pin includes a \u003cstrong data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eCertificate of Authenticity\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"_04xlpA direction-ltr align-start para-style-body\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"JsGRdQ\"\u003eAs one of the most influential figures in mid-20th century politics, John F. Kennedy had a short but impactful term as U.S. president. Kennedy was born in Massachusetts to a family with a long history of public service. As a young adult, Kennedy attended Harvard University before joining the Navy as a PT boat commander during World War II. He went on to serve in both houses of the United States Congress before being elected president. Kennedy spent his time in office leading the U.S. through many noteworthy crises of the Cold War, until he was tragically assassinated in 1963.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca id=\"faq-btn\"\u003e\u003c\/a\u003eFrequently Asked Questions\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"History Hoard","offers":[{"title":"Include display case (+$0.00) \/ \"Kennedy for President\"","offer_id":44372966015260,"sku":"MD-US-KDY-K4P","price":29.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"Include display case (+$0.00) \/ \"Kennedy and Johnson\"","offer_id":39314967134255,"sku":"MD-US-KDY-KJ","price":29.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"Include display case (+$0.00) \/ \"Students for Kennedy\"","offer_id":40452240998447,"sku":"MD-US-KDY-ST","price":29.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"Include display case (+$0.00) \/ Spanish: \"Triumfa con Kennedy\" ($8 off)","offer_id":40452241031215,"sku":"MD-US-KDY-ES","price":21.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"No display - just the pin and certificate\/info card (save $15.00 each) \/ \"Kennedy for President\"","offer_id":51553825358108,"sku":"MD-US-KDY-K4P-NO","price":14.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"No display - just the pin and certificate\/info card (save $15.00 each) \/ \"Kennedy and Johnson\"","offer_id":51553825390876,"sku":"MD-US-KDY-KJ-NO","price":14.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"No display - just the pin and certificate\/info card (save $15.00 each) \/ \"Students for Kennedy\"","offer_id":51553825423644,"sku":"MD-US-KDY-ST-NO","price":14.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"No display - just the pin and certificate\/info card (save $15.00 each) \/ Spanish: \"Triumfa con Kennedy\" ($8 off)","offer_id":51553825456412,"sku":"MD-US-KDY-ES-NO","price":6.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0102\/1096\/7599\/products\/Kennedy.jpg?v=1743105303"},{"product_id":"umayyad-caliphate-bronze-fals-600s-bc","title":"Umayyad Caliphate Bronze Fals - 661 AD - Mid. East, Africa, \u0026 Europe","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e These copper \u003cem\u003efals \u003c\/em\u003ecoins (a corruption of the Byzantine coin known as a \"follis\") date back to the \u003cstrong\u003e7th to 8th century CE. \u003c\/strong\u003eThey were struck by the \u003cstrong\u003eUmayyad Caliphate\u003c\/strong\u003e, an Islamic empire that stretched all the way from \u003cstrong data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eSpain to eastern India \u003c\/strong\u003eat its peak.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIslamic coins and art usually avoided displaying imagery of humans or other living beings, a practice known as \u003cstrong\u003eaniconism\u003c\/strong\u003e. Because of this, these coins have only Arabic script and lack portraits or other designs commonly associated with ancient coins from other cultures like the Greeks or Romans.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Umayyad Caliphate existed during a time known as \u003cstrong\u003e\"late antiquity,\"\u003c\/strong\u003e which was a transition period between ancient times and the Middle Ages. It was the second of four major Islamic caliphates to arise after the death of Muhammad just 30 years before its formation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEach includes a \u003cstrong\u003eCertificate of Authenticity\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"History Hoard","offers":[{"title":"Include display case (+$0.00)","offer_id":39359752110127,"sku":"AC-UMAYYAD","price":26.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"No display - just the coin, certificate, and info card (save $15.00 each)","offer_id":51553825292572,"sku":"AC-UMAYYAD-NO","price":11.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0102\/1096\/7599\/products\/Umayyad.jpg?v=1743105300"},{"product_id":"little-miami-railroad-co-stock-certificate-1920s","title":"Little Miami Railroad Stock Certificate - 1920's - Pre–Depression","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e These are original stock certificates for the \u003cstrong\u003eLittle Miami Railroad Company\u003c\/strong\u003e of southwestern \u003cstrong\u003eOhio. \u003c\/strong\u003eThey are all dated circa \u003cstrong\u003e1925\u003c\/strong\u003e, and were used to prove ownership of capital stock. Each one has been issued and later cancelled, with clearly printed \u003cstrong\u003edates and signatures\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe \u003cstrong\u003eLittle Miami Railroad Company\u003c\/strong\u003e was incorporated in 1836, and became an important transportation route connecting the Ohio River to the Great Lakes for over a century. It continued to operate until 1981, when it merged with a larger railroad. Today, the former Little Miami route still exists as a scenic bike trail.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe United States experienced an economic boom in the 1920's, after it emerged victorious from \u003cstrong\u003eWorld War I\u003c\/strong\u003e and transformed into a\u003cstrong\u003e true global power\u003c\/strong\u003e. As a result, \u003cstrong\u003einvesting soared\u003c\/strong\u003e and stock certificates like these were issued in record numbers.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOf course, this was all temporary—and the hard times of the \u003cstrong\u003eGreat Depression\u003c\/strong\u003e in the 1930's would soon make prosperity feel like a distant memory.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThe stock certificate comes with a rigid archival document holder for preservation and handling. A Certificate of Authenticity is also included.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNOTE: This certificate has no value as a financial asset, and will not be honored by any extant company today.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca id=\"faq-btn\"\u003e\u003c\/a\u003eFrequently Asked Questions\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"History Hoard","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":39376795631663,"sku":"MD-STOCK-LMR","price":17.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0102\/1096\/7599\/products\/6_20210528_093931_0005.jpg?v=1743105296"},{"product_id":"dayrock-mining-co-stock-certificate-great-depression-1930s","title":"Dayrock Mining Co. Stock Certificate - 1930's - Great Depression","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e These stock certificates were issued during the \u003cstrong\u003eGreat Depression\u003c\/strong\u003e by the Idaho based \u003cstrong\u003eDayrock Mining Company\u003c\/strong\u003e. Each is dated around \u003cstrong\u003e1936\u003c\/strong\u003e, and was traded at a par value of $0.10 per share. The hand written signatures of the bearer and company officials are also present on each certificate.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe \u003cstrong\u003eDayrock Mining Company\u003c\/strong\u003e was established in \u003cstrong\u003eWallace, Idaho\u003c\/strong\u003e in 1923, originally as the \u003cstrong\u003eStratton Mines Company\u003c\/strong\u003e. It was located within the \u003cstrong\u003eCoeur d'Alene Mountains \u003c\/strong\u003eof northern Idaho, a mineral rich area with a long history of mining.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAlthough the company itself ceased to exist in 1953, the Dayrock Mine continued operations until 1977 and Wallace remains the \u003cstrong\u003elargest silver producer in the world to this day\u003c\/strong\u003e. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe \u003cstrong\u003eGreat Depression \u003c\/strong\u003ewas one of the worst economic downturns in modern history, lasting from the \u003cstrong\u003estock market crash\u003c\/strong\u003e in 1929 until the end of the 1930's. It affected rich and poor alike, and severe unemployment meant that many families struggled to put food on the table. The effects of the Depression gradually subsided leading up to the U.S. entrance into \u003cstrong\u003eWorld War I\u003c\/strong\u003eI, ushering the country into a new era.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThe stock certificate comes with a rigid archival document holder for preservation and handling. A Certificate of Authenticity is also included.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNOTE: This certificate has no value as a financial asset, and will not be honored by any extant company today.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca id=\"faq-btn\"\u003e\u003c\/a\u003eFrequently Asked Questions\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"History Hoard","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":39376804708399,"sku":"MD-STOCK-DMC","price":19.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0102\/1096\/7599\/products\/2_20210528_093931_0001.jpg?v=1743105295"},{"product_id":"china-song-dynasty-960-ad","title":"China, Song Dynasty - 960 AD - Medieval China","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e These copper \"cash\" coins date back to the \u003cstrong\u003eSong dynasty \u003c\/strong\u003e(960 - 1279 CE) of medieval China. They're from the reigns of many different emperors, but all the coins date within the time period above.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Song dynasty is typically divided into two distinct periods: the \u003cstrong\u003eNorthern Song \u003c\/strong\u003e(960 - 1127) and the \u003cstrong\u003eSouthern Song\u003c\/strong\u003e (1127 - 1279). The events that caused this separation are known as the \u003cstrong\u003eJin-Song\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eWars\u003c\/strong\u003e, when the Song lost control of northern China to the rival \u003cstrong\u003eJin dynasty\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eUnder the Song, China experienced many new innovations in technology and governance. The Song issued paper banknotes, which are the oldest known in world history. They also established the first permanent standing navy in China. Gunpowder also came into common use during this time.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe dynasty would eventually be conquered by the \u003cstrong\u003eMongol Empire\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cstrong\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003eand the later Mongol-led \u003cstrong\u003eYuan dynasty\u003c\/strong\u003e, putting all of China under the rule of a foreign power for the first time.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"History Hoard","offers":[{"title":"Include display case (+$0.00)","offer_id":39386684653615,"sku":"MR-CHINA-SNG","price":19.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"No display - just the coin and certificate\/info card (save $15.00 each)","offer_id":51553825095964,"sku":"MR-CHINA-SNG-NO","price":4.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0102\/1096\/7599\/products\/SongDynastyCash.jpg?v=1743105292"},{"product_id":"national-geographic-world-war-i-1914-1918","title":"National Geographic (WWI or WWII) - 1914 – 1945 - United States","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e \u003c\/strong\u003eThese are genuine, original issues of \u003cstrong\u003eNational Geographic\u003c\/strong\u003e dating back to \u003cstrong\u003eWorld War I\u003c\/strong\u003e or \u003cstrong\u003eWorld War II\u003c\/strong\u003e (the specific month and year you receive will be random, but all will be dated within the chosen period).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEach has about 100 pages of content with topics related to history, culture, and the natural world, with both written articles and photographs. \u003cstrong\u003eThe World War I issues have mostly black and white photos, while the World War II ones have mostly color\u003c\/strong\u003e. The magazines include about 20 pages of vintage advertisements as well, which provide an incredible look into life in the 1910's and 1940's!\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThey are still in mostly good condition, with some staining and tears on the outer covers. The interior bindings have deteriorated due to the metal staples used in these magazines, but all pages are still secure. Use care not to overstress the binding when opening the magazine.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMap supplements are not included, \u003c\/strong\u003eunfortunately these are no longer present in most surviving copies.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEach comes with a clear removable polypropylene sleeve, to preserve the item in storage. \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eA Certificate of Authenticity is also included.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca id=\"faq-btn\"\u003e\u003c\/a\u003eFrequently Asked Questions\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"History Hoard","offers":[{"title":"World War I (1914 - 1918) - $17.99","offer_id":39409394483247,"sku":"MD-NATGEO-WW1","price":17.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"World War II (1937 - 1945) - $9.99","offer_id":39409394516015,"sku":"MD-NATGEO-WW2","price":9.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"Both (two magazines, one from each period) - $24.99","offer_id":39409396318255,"sku":"MD-NATGEO-WW1-WW2","price":24.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0102\/1096\/7599\/products\/1_4951418e-0ba3-4925-931f-e3ce3df2f38a.jpg?v=1743105290"},{"product_id":"italy-kingdom-of-sicily-1258-ad","title":"Italy, Kingdom of Sicily - 1258 AD - King Manfred","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e These copper \u003cem\u003edenaro \u003c\/em\u003ecoins are from the \u003cstrong\u003eKingdom of Sicily\u003c\/strong\u003e, a state that controlled the bottom half of the Italian peninsula as well as the island of Sicily from 1130 to 1816. The coins date within the reign of \u003cstrong\u003eManfred, King of Sicily\u003c\/strong\u003e (1258 - 1266 AD), who was the last ruler of the\u003cspan data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eHohenstaufen \u003c\/strong\u003edynasty to control the kingdom. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eManfred endured a very rough eight years on the throne. Even before becoming king, he struck up a bloody conflict against the Catholic church. As a result he was excommunicated by three successive popes, and angered the church to the point where he was the target of a \u003cstrong\u003eCrusade \u003c\/strong\u003ein 1255. Manfred met his end when he was killed in battle against papal forces in 1266.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"History Hoard","offers":[{"title":"Include display case (+$0.00)","offer_id":39414528114735,"sku":"MR-ITALY-SIC","price":44.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"No display - just the coin and certificate\/info card (save $15.00 each)","offer_id":51553824997660,"sku":"MR-ITALY-SIC-NO","price":29.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0102\/1096\/7599\/products\/Medsicily.jpg?v=1743105289"},{"product_id":"poland-john-ii-casimir-1648-ad","title":"Poland, John II Casimir - 1648 AD - East Europe","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e These copper \u003cem\u003esolidus\u003c\/em\u003e coins were produced in \u003cstrong\u003ePoland\u003c\/strong\u003e during the reign of \u003cstrong\u003eJohn II Casimir \u003c\/strong\u003e(or \u003cem\u003eJan II Kazimierz Waza\u003c\/em\u003e), who ruled from 1648 until his abdication in 1660. They feature the \u003cstrong\u003ebust of John II\u003c\/strong\u003e on the obverse side (with the legend IOAN CAS REX) and an \u003cstrong\u003eeagle \u003c\/strong\u003eor a \u003cstrong\u003eman on horseback\u003c\/strong\u003e on the reverse side.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOverall, John II Casimir's reign is widely known as one of the most disastrous in Polish history. It was marked by numerous defeats against the rival Ukrainian, Russian, Swedish, and Tartar forces, with Poland losing significant amounts of its territory. John II was exiled to France after giving up the throne in 1668 due to a revolt over royal succession.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"History Hoard","offers":[{"title":"Include display case (+$0.00)","offer_id":39414567075887,"sku":"MR-POL-J2C","price":27.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"No display - just the coin and certificate\/info card (save $15.00 each)","offer_id":51553824932124,"sku":"MR-POL-J2C-NO","price":12.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0102\/1096\/7599\/products\/PolandjohnIIcas.jpg?v=1743105287"},{"product_id":"china-ming-dynasty-1402-ad","title":"China, Ming Dynasty - 1402 AD - Early Modern China","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e These copper \"cash\" coins date back to the \u003cstrong\u003eMing dynasty \u003c\/strong\u003eof early modern China, during the reign of the \u003cstrong\u003eYongle Emperor\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e \u003c\/strong\u003e(1402 - 1424 CE).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Ming dynasty (or the \u003cstrong\u003eGreat Ming\u003c\/strong\u003e) ruled China from 1368 to 1644 after the previous Mongol-led government collapsed. The dynasty's most recognizable achievement would be the construction of the \u003cstrong\u003eGreat Wall\u003c\/strong\u003e, as most existing portions date back to this period.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Yongle Emperor himself was perhaps best remembered by his interest in seafaring expeditions. Under the emperor's favor, explorer \u003cstrong\u003eZheng He\u003c\/strong\u003e commanded what came to be known as \u003cstrong\u003eMing treasure voyages \u003c\/strong\u003eto the South China Sea, India, the Middle East, and even Africa.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"History Hoard","offers":[{"title":"Include display case (+$0.00)","offer_id":39422852300847,"sku":"EE-CHINA-MING","price":29.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"No display - just the coin and certificate\/info card (save $15.00 each)","offer_id":51553824801052,"sku":"EE-CHINA-MING-NO","price":14.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0102\/1096\/7599\/products\/MingDynasty.jpg?v=1743105283"},{"product_id":"vietnam-le-nhan-tong-1443-ad","title":"Vietnam, Le Nhan Tong - 1428 to 1527 AD - Vietnam, Restored Era","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003eThese Vietnamese \"cash\" coins date back to the \u003cstrong\u003eLê Dynasty\u003c\/strong\u003e, which ruled from 1428 to 1527 CE. Copper coins produced in Vietnam were very similar to Ming dynasty Chinese cash coins of the same period. Historically Vietnamese coins were more crudely made, but during the Lê dynasty the quality of these coins improved to essentially match their Chinese counterparts.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"History Hoard","offers":[{"title":"Include display case (+$0.00)","offer_id":39423158747183,"sku":"EE-VIET-LE-DYN","price":24.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"No display - just the coin and certificate\/info card (save $15.00 each)","offer_id":51553824702748,"sku":"EE-VIET-LE-DYN-NO","price":9.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0102\/1096\/7599\/files\/Vietnam_Le_new.jpg?v=1776369057"},{"product_id":"dwight-d-eisenhower-campaign-pin-1950s","title":"Dwight D. Eisenhower Campaign Pin - 1950's - United States","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003eThese are original campaign buttons in \u003cstrong\u003ewearable condition\u003c\/strong\u003e from \u003cstrong\u003eDwight D. Eisenhower's\u003c\/strong\u003e first and second presidential campaigns against Adlai Stevenson in 1952 and 1956. The buttons refer to Eisenhower as \u003cstrong\u003e\"Ike,\"\u003c\/strong\u003e a nickname given to him as a child that stuck with him through adulthood. Each pin includes a \u003cstrong\u003eCertificate of Authenticity\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEisenhower first gained major recognition during World War II as the supreme commander of Allied forces in Western Europe, where he was responsible for leading the 1944 D-Day invasion. After the war, Eisenhower went on to serve as Army Chief of Staff, president of Colombia University, and Supreme Commander of NATO before successfully running for president as a Republican in 1952 and 1956.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn office, Eisenhower's main goals were to reduce both deficit spending and the spread of communism. In doing so, he notably opposed the isolationist policies that many politicians took after World War II. However, Eisenhower also opposed McCarthyism and had a more moderate view in domestic policy, continuing New Deal agencies started by Franklin D. Roosevelt and signing the Civil Rights Act of 1957. Today, Eisenhower is generally considered to be in the upper tier of U.S. presidents by academics and scholars.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"History Hoard","offers":[{"title":"Include display case (+$0.00) \/ Type #1 - \"WE LIKE IKE\" - $24.99","offer_id":39970077081647,"sku":"MD-US-IKEPIN1","price":29.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"No display - just the pin and certificate\/info card (save $15.00 each) \/ Type #1 - \"WE LIKE IKE\" - $24.99","offer_id":51553824440604,"sku":"MD-US-IKEPIN1-NO","price":14.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"No display - just the pin and certificate\/info card (save $15.00 each) \/ Type #2 - \"IKE\" - $19.99","offer_id":51553824473372,"sku":"MD-US-IKEPIN2-NO","price":9.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"Include display case (+$0.00) \/ Type #2 - \"IKE\" - $19.99","offer_id":39970086748207,"sku":"MD-US-IKEPIN2","price":24.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"No display - just the pin and certificate\/info card (save $15.00 each) \/ Both Types - $4.00 off!","offer_id":51553824506140,"sku":"MD-US-IKEPINBOTH-NO","price":20.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"Include display case (+$0.00) \/ Both Types - $4.00 off!","offer_id":39970122563631,"sku":"MD-US-IKEPINBOTH","price":44.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0102\/1096\/7599\/products\/Ikepin1.jpg?v=1743105274"},{"product_id":"soviet-union-death-sentence-coins-1920s","title":"Soviet \"Death Sentence\" Coins - 1920's - Soviet Union","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan class=\"JsGRdQ\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003c\/b\u003eThese 20 kopeck coins, dated \u003cstrong\u003e1923 to 1931\u003c\/strong\u003e, are among the last silver coins ever issued for general circulation by the \u003cstrong\u003eSoviet Union\u003c\/strong\u003e. They earned the grisly nickname of \u003cstrong\u003e\"death sentence\"\u003c\/strong\u003e coins due to executions ordered by \u003cstrong\u003eJoseph Stalin \u003c\/strong\u003ethat targeted Soviet workers in the financial sector, who had failed to take all silver coins out of circulation.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan class=\"JsGRdQ\"\u003eThe historical documentation for these \"death sentences\" comes from letters written from Stalin to \u003cstrong\u003eVyacheslav Mikhailovich Molotov\u003c\/strong\u003e, one of his closest supporters. Due to silver shortages and economic turmoil, Stalin had ordered the confiscation of all silver coins in order to melt them down and issue base metal replacements. However, collection efforts did not go to plan as the Russian people continued to hoard these more valuable silver coins.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan class=\"JsGRdQ\"\u003eClearly frustrated that the \"results of the battle against the coin shortage [were] almost nonexistent,\" Stalin ordered a \u003cstrong\u003epurge of the finance ministry and central bank\u003c\/strong\u003e, and to \"\u003cstrong\u003edefinitely shoot two or three dozen wreckers\u003c\/strong\u003e from these apparaty, including several dozen common cashiers.\"\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan class=\"JsGRdQ\"\u003eDespite Stalin's ruthless attempts to force the collection of these coins, many still survive to the present day. Now, anyone can own these amazing pieces of modern history!\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan class=\"JsGRdQ\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSource: \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eKosheleva, L., et al. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ci data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eStalin's Letters to Molotov, 1925-1936\u003c\/i\u003e\u003cspan data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e. Edited by Lars T. Lih et al., Yale University Press, 1995. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ci data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eJSTOR\u003c\/i\u003e\u003cspan data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e, www.jstor.org\/stable\/j.ctt1bhkp8p. Accessed 23 July 2021.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca id=\"faq-btn\"\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"History Hoard","offers":[{"title":"Include display case (+$0.00)","offer_id":39979821367343,"sku":"MD-USSR-DSENT","price":34.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"No display - just the coin and certificate\/info card (save $15.00 each)","offer_id":51553824342300,"sku":"MD-USSR-DSENT-NO","price":19.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0102\/1096\/7599\/products\/20kopeck.jpg?v=1743105271"},{"product_id":"elymais-bronze-drachm-147-bc","title":"Elymais Bronze Drachm - 147 BC - Middle East","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eElymais\u003c\/strong\u003e was a small kingdom that existed along the \u003cstrong\u003ePersian Gulf\u003c\/strong\u003e from 147 BCE to 224 CE. It was an independent state for most of its history, though it frequently fell under control of the Parthian Empire.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThough many coins of Elymais have been recovered, many aspects of the state still remain a mystery to historians. Its language, \u003cstrong\u003eElamite\u003c\/strong\u003e, has no known linguistic relatives and has not yet been fully translated. The culture of Elymais is mostly unknown as well, though it almost certainly had a heavy Greek and Parthian influence. The most complete record of the state is its kings, which were divided into the Kamnaskirid and Arsacid lines.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCoins of Elymais are modelled after the Greek system of currency, and these small bronze pieces are referred to as \"drachms\" by numismatists. The obverse side of these coins feature a \u003cstrong\u003eportrait \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eof a king \u003c\/strong\u003enext to an \u003cstrong\u003eanchor\u003c\/strong\u003e, the symbol of Elymais. There are many different types of reverse designs, but they often show the Greek goddess \u003cstrong\u003eArtemis\u003c\/strong\u003e surrounded by text.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEach includes a \u003cstrong\u003eCertificate of Authenticity\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"History Hoard","offers":[{"title":"Include display case (+$0.00)","offer_id":39987965788207,"sku":"AC-ELYMAIS","price":44.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"No display - just the coin, certificate, and info card (save $15.00 each)","offer_id":51553824276764,"sku":"AC-ELYMAIS-NO","price":29.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0102\/1096\/7599\/products\/Elymais.jpg?v=1743105269"},{"product_id":"early-byzantine-follis-600-ad","title":"Early Byzantine Follis - 600 AD - East Europe","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003eThese bronze coins of the \u003cstrong\u003eByzantine Empire\u003c\/strong\u003e are known as a follis. The large \"M\" or \"K\" struck onto the reverse indicates the denomination, which was 40 or 20 nummi respectively. They all date back to approximately the 7th century CE, and feature various emperors on the obverse side. Their size varies between 3\/4 inches (15mm) and 1 1\/4 inches (30mm) in diameter.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Byzantine Empire (also known as the \u003cstrong\u003eEastern Roman Empire\u003c\/strong\u003e) was a continuation of the ancient Roman Empire. It technically formed in 395 AD when the empire split into East and West, though Romans at the time hardly made that distinction. While the Western Empire would fall in the late 400's AD, Byzantine rule lasted well into the Middle Ages until 1453. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEach includes a \u003cstrong\u003eCertificate of Authenticity\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"History Hoard","offers":[{"title":"Include display case (+$0.00)","offer_id":40002122678319,"sku":"AC-BYZ-FOLLIS","price":44.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"No display - just the coin, certificate, and info card (save $15.00 each)","offer_id":51553824080156,"sku":"AC-BYZ-FOLLIS-NO","price":29.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0102\/1096\/7599\/products\/Follis.jpg?v=1743105267"},{"product_id":"colonial-india-french-pondichery-1720","title":"Colonial India, French Pondichery - 1720 - French India","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan class=\"JsGRdQ\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003c\/b\u003eThese copper coins come from colonial India under French control, and were minted between 1720 and 1835 in \u003cstrong\u003ePondichéry \u003c\/strong\u003e(or \u003cstrong\u003ePondicherry\u003c\/strong\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e. The obverse depicts a \u003cstrong\u003efleur-de-lis\u003c\/strong\u003e, a symbol of French heraldry, and the reverse includes\u003cstrong\u003e Tamil script\u003c\/strong\u003e. Its denomination was one \u003cem\u003edoudou\u003c\/em\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePondicherry was a trading center established by the \u003cstrong\u003eFrench East India Company \u003c\/strong\u003ein 1674, which went on to become the capitol of French India. Despite being captured by both British and Dutch forces in the 17th and 18th centuries, the French maintained control of Pondicherry even after India gained its independence from the British Empire in 1947. France finally relinquished control of the area in 1962.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan class=\"JsGRdQ\"\u003e\u003cspan data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eEach includes a \u003cstrong\u003eCertificate of Authenticity\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"History Hoard","offers":[{"title":"Include display case (+$0.00)","offer_id":40055051419695,"sku":"EE-FR-INDIA","price":39.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"No display - just the coin and certificate\/info card (save $15.00 each)","offer_id":51553824047388,"sku":"EE-FR-INDIA-NO","price":24.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0102\/1096\/7599\/products\/Frenchindia.jpg?v=1743105265"},{"product_id":"republic-of-venice-tornesello-1700s","title":"Republic of Venice, Tornesello - 1300's - Italy","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan class=\"JsGRdQ\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003c\/b\u003eThese \u003cem\u003etornesello \u003c\/em\u003ecoins were minted by various rulers of the \u003cstrong\u003eRepublic of Venice \u003c\/strong\u003eduring the \u003cstrong\u003eHigh Middle Ages \u003c\/strong\u003e(approximately the 14th to 15th century CE). These rulers were called \u003cstrong\u003eDoges\u003c\/strong\u003e, which is sometimes translated as \"dukes.\" The coins depict a cross on the obverse side and a winged lion on the reverse.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Republic of Venice was a sovereign maritime republic that existed from 697 to 1797 CE, centered on the city of Venice in modern day Italy. The republic prospered through trade, and quickly expanded its borders to include territories as far south as Greece along the Mediterranean Coast.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe tornesello was introduced in 1353 to feed the demand for coinage in Venice's overseas colonies. They contain significantly less silver than earlier coins, and are made of a debased silver alloy called billon.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan class=\"JsGRdQ\"\u003e\u003cspan data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eEach includes a \u003cstrong\u003eCertificate of Authenticity\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"History Hoard","offers":[{"title":"Include display case (+$0.00)","offer_id":40107295997999,"sku":"MR-ITAL-VENICE","price":49.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"No display - just the coin and certificate\/info card (save $15.00 each)","offer_id":51553823981852,"sku":"MR-ITAL-VENICE-NO","price":34.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0102\/1096\/7599\/products\/RepublicofVenice.jpg?v=1743105263"},{"product_id":"india-mughal-empire-akbar-the-great","title":"Mughal Empire, Akbar the Great - 1556 - India","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan class=\"JsGRdQ\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e \u003c\/b\u003eThese thick silver \u003cstrong\u003ehalf rupee\u003c\/strong\u003e coins date back to India's \u003cstrong\u003eMughal Empire\u003c\/strong\u003e and were minted under \u003cstrong\u003eAkbar the Great (1556 - 1605 CE)\u003c\/strong\u003e. Written on the obverse side of the coin is Akbar's name and title, while the reverse shows a portion of the \u003cstrong\u003eSix Kalimas\u003c\/strong\u003e. These Kalimas are six central phrases often recited by those who practice Islam.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan class=\"JsGRdQ\"\u003eAkbar the Great was one of the most well regarded emperors of the Mughal Empire. Ruling over a culturally diverse empire, Akbar strategically used diplomacy and religiously tolerant policies to win over the support of his non-Muslim subjects. The Mughal Empire tripled in both size and wealth during this time, and a golden age began for Indo-Persian culture.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan class=\"JsGRdQ\"\u003e\u003cspan data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eEach includes a \u003cstrong\u003eCertificate of Authenticity\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"History Hoard","offers":[{"title":"Include display case (+$0.00)","offer_id":40127581782063,"sku":"EE-MUGHAL-AKB","price":67.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"No display - just the coin and certificate\/info card (save $15.00 each)","offer_id":51553823719708,"sku":"EE-MUGHAL-AKB-NO","price":52.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0102\/1096\/7599\/products\/Mughal_Akbar.jpg?v=1743105261"},{"product_id":"seleucid-empire-bronze-323-bc","title":"Seleucid Empire Bronze - 323 BC - Middle East","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan class=\"JsGRdQ\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e \u003c\/b\u003eThese bronze coins were minted under various kings of the Seleucid Empire between c. 323 and 63 BCE. Each features the portrait of a king on the obverse side, while the reverse sides vary.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan class=\"JsGRdQ\"\u003eUnlike the serrated-edged silver denarii of the Roman Republic, the Seleucid Empire likely didn't serrate the edges of their bronze coins to prove the purity of the metal or stop coin clipping (the practice of shaving metal off the edges of coins). Rather, the practice likely served more of a decorative purpose. One theory is that the tradition of serrated coins helped boost feelings of continuity when a new king took power, and rulers would issue coins of this type to appear more legitimate.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan class=\"JsGRdQ\"\u003eThe Seleucid Empire itself was founded by Seleucus I, a successor to Alexander the Great. The empire was Hellenistic, or culturally Greek, and stretched from the eastern Mediterranean to western India. It finally met its end in 63 BCE when the final portions were absorbed into the Roman Empire.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan class=\"JsGRdQ\"\u003e\u003cspan data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eEach includes a \u003cstrong\u003eCertificate of Authenticity\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"History Hoard","offers":[{"title":"Include display case (+$0.00)","offer_id":40146764103727,"sku":"AC-SELEUCID","price":44.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"No display - just the coin and certificate\/info card (save $15.00 each)","offer_id":51553823424796,"sku":"AC-SELEUCID-NO","price":29.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0102\/1096\/7599\/products\/Seleucid.jpg?v=1743105258"},{"product_id":"swedish-empire-livonia-1632","title":"Swedish Empire, Livonia - 1632 - Latvia","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan class=\"JsGRdQ\"\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003c\/b\u003eThese \u003cem\u003esolidus\u003c\/em\u003e or \u003cem\u003eschilling\u003c\/em\u003e coins date between 1632 and 1654 CE, and were struck under the Swedish queen \u003cstrong\u003eChristina\u003c\/strong\u003e. They were produced in the Swedish territory of \u003cstrong\u003eLivonia\u003c\/strong\u003e, which is today part of Latvia and Estonia. The coins themselves consist of a silver alloy called billon, and depict a coat of arms and a monogram of the queen's name.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan class=\"JsGRdQ\" mce-data-marked=\"1\"\u003eChristina was crowned queen at the age of just six, when her renowned father\u003cstrong\u003e King Gustavus Adolphus\u003c\/strong\u003e met a premature end at the Battle of Lutzen. The queen is remembered for being one of the most educated women of the 1600's, attracting scientists and other academics to Stockholm with her passion for literature, manuscripts, art, philosophy, and alchemy.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan class=\"JsGRdQ\" mce-data-marked=\"1\"\u003eHer reign ended in a scandalous abdication of the throne in 1654, when she converted to Roman Catholicism and moved to Rome in exile. Having been the guest of five consecutive popes, Christina is one of the few women buried in the Vatican grotto today.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan class=\"JsGRdQ\"\u003e\u003cspan data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eEach includes a \u003cstrong\u003eCertificate of Authenticity\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"History Hoard","offers":[{"title":"Include display case (+$0.00)","offer_id":40168751595567,"sku":"EE-SW-LIVONIA","price":27.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"No display - just the coin and certificate\/info card (save $15.00 each)","offer_id":51553823129884,"sku":"EE-SW-LIVONIA-NO","price":12.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0102\/1096\/7599\/products\/Swedenchristina.jpg?v=1743105256"},{"product_id":"united-states-lines-company-1940s","title":"United States Lines Company Stock Certificate - 1940's - Passenger Ships","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e The \u003cstrong\u003eUnited States Lines Company\u003c\/strong\u003e was originally created in 1921 by the U.S. government in order to operate German ocean liners seized by the United States during \u003cstrong\u003eWorld War I\u003c\/strong\u003e. Initially a government run operation, all the ships were owned by the \u003cstrong\u003eUnited States Shipping Board\u003c\/strong\u003e and the finances were overseen by the \u003cstrong\u003eEmergency Fleet Corporation\u003c\/strong\u003e. \u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDuring \u003cstrong\u003eWorld War II\u003c\/strong\u003e, the company was infiltrated by German agents of the \u003cstrong\u003eDuquesne Spy Ring\u003c\/strong\u003e. These agents worked as crew members aboard the SS \u003cem\u003eAmerica\u003c\/em\u003e, and passed along information about U.S. defense preparations near the Panama Canal. In total, 31 German agents of the Duquesne Spy Ring would be uncovered by the FBI in the largest espionage conviction in U.S. history.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe company was eventually sold into private hands, and continued running passenger voyages until 1969 and transatlantic shipping routes until 1989.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThe stock certificate comes with a rigid archival document holder for preservation and handling. A Certificate of Authenticity is also included.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNOTE: This certificate has no value as a financial asset, and will not be honored by any extant company today.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca id=\"faq-btn\"\u003e\u003c\/a\u003eFrequently Asked Questions\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"History Hoard","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":40184823644207,"sku":"MD-STOCK-USLINES","price":14.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0102\/1096\/7599\/products\/2_f9783e6f-baf8-492e-b03b-4cc24b9c01ea.jpg?v=1743105254"}],"url":"https:\/\/www.historyhoard.com\/collections\/history10-code-is-valid.oembed?page=6","provider":"History Hoard","version":"1.0","type":"link"}